Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Red leather shoe worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas in 1942, and made their way to Portugal. They sailed from Lisbon in October 1942, and arrived in the United States in November.
- Date
-
use:
after 1941 June-1942
emigration: 1942 October
- Geography
-
received:
Toulouse (France)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Genya Markon, In Memory of Alain Markon and of our father Alexander Markon and in Honor of our mother Raya Magid Markon
- Contributor
-
Subject:
Alain Markon
- Biography
-
Alain Markon (1941-1998) was born in Toulouse, France, to Jewish parents, Alexander and Raya Magid Markon. Raya (1910-2005) was born to Abram and Genya Settel Magid in Vilna (now Vilnius), Lithuania, and had a sister, Katia (1905-1965). Alexander (Oswiez/Sasha, 1905-1989) was also born in Vilna, and immigrated to France in the 1920s. Alain’s parents met when Alexander was visiting his family in Vilna. After corresponding, the couple married in France on February 11, 1937, and settled in Paris.
On September 1,1939, Germany invaded Poland. Alain’s father, Alexander, was recalled to the French military. He was sent to the 55th Regiment of the artillery and stationed on the Maginot Line, a series of fortifications along the French-German border. Germany invaded France in May 1940, and in June, France surrendered. Alexander was demobilized and went south in the hopes of finding Raya, who had fled to Toulouse during the exodus from Paris ( L’Exode). He eventually found her by accident in a train station.
The Markon family wished to immigrate to the United States, and applied for immigration visas. Alain’s mother’s first cousin, Lillian Epstein, lived in the US, and was married to a psychiatrist, Joseph Epstein. Joseph had connections in the US State Department and pleaded their case, eventually helping them to obtain an affidavit to enter the US in 1941. Despite this, they did not receive visas until 1942. With the sponsorship of the American Jewish Joint, Alain’s parents obtained passage to America aboard a Portuguese ship, the SS Carvalho Araujo. The family sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, on October 20, 1942, and arrived in Baltimore, MD, on November 2. From there, they took a train to New York City. The Markon family was still there when Alain’s younger sister, Genya (b.1943), was born two months later.
Alain’s maternal grandmother, Genya, died of natural causes in the spring of 1941. Abram, Alain’s maternal grandfather, was executed that summer by German forces in Ponary, just outside Vilna. Alain’s maternal aunt, Katia Magid (1905-1965), was confined in the Vilna ghetto following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Katia survived being imprisoned in both Kaiserwald and Stutthof concentration camps, and immigrated to the US in 1947.
Physical Details
- Classification
-
Dress Accessories
- Category
-
Footwear
- Object Type
-
Children's shoes (lcsh)
- Physical Description
- Red leather child's right laced shoe with a rounded toe. The stitched upper lacing section is layered over the vamp and has 3 sets of hidden metal eyelets threaded with a white string. The low stacked wooden heel is nailed to the leather outsole. The interior upper, excluding the toe cap, is lined with worn, finished leather. The worn and stained cardboard insole is stapled to the outsole and has white adhesive remnants. The shoe is scuffed from use.
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm)
- Materials
- overall : leather, metal, string, adhesive
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The shoe was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1998 by Genya Markon, the sister of Alain Markon.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Record last modified:
- 2022-12-16 13:01:10
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn516457
Also in Alain Markon and Raya Magid Markon family collection
The collection consists of a blanket and children's clothing relating to the experiences of Alexander and Raya Magid Markon and their young son, Alain, during the Holocaust when they escaped German occupied France for the United States.
Date: 1942
Toddler's red and blue striped rompers worn by Alain Markon in Vichy France
Object
Red and blue striped rompers worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas in 1942, and made their way to Portugal. They sailed from Lisbon in October 1942, and arrived in the United States in November.
Toddler's white knit undershirt worn by Alain Markon in Vichy France
Object
White, knit, sleeveless undershirt worn by toddler Alain Markon while living under the Vichy regime in France with his parents, Alexander and Raya, in 1941 and 1942. Alain's parents were immigrants from Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania), who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, his mother fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by his father after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas. and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born in June 1941. They received their visas in 1942, and made their way to Portugal. They sailed from Lisbon in October 1942, and arrived in the United States in November.
Striped wool blanket used by Raya Markon during “L’exode” (The Exodus) in France
Object
Striped, Moroccan wool blanket used by Raya Markon, during her escape from Paris to the south of France in June 1940, on what became known as "L'exode" (Exodus). Raya used the blanket to cover the broken and exposed springs in the car seat while she traveled. Raya and Alexander were immigrants from Vilna, Poland, who had married in Paris in 1937. When Germany invaded France in May 1940, Raya fled Paris for Toulouse. She was joined by Alexander after his discharge from the French Army following the June surrender of France. The couple applied for US visas and, while they were waiting to receive them, Alain was born on June 23, 1941. They received their visas in 1942, and left for Lisbon, Portugal. They sailed from Lisbon in October 1942, and arrived in America in November.
