LEADER 03899cam a2200421Ia 4500001 110634 005 20240621154401.0 008 051108s1998 xx rb 000 0 eng d 028 52 9907203 |bUMI 035 (OCoLC)ocm62391276 035 110634 049 LHMA 040 LHM |beng |erda |cLHM |dLHM 090 D802.F8 |bS39 1998 100 1 Schwartz, Paula L. 245 10 Women, resistance and communism in France 1939-1945 / |cby Paula L. Schwartz. 264 1 [Place of publication not identified] : |b[publisher not identified], |c1998. 300 ix, 268 pages 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 unmediated |bn |2rdamedia 338 volume |bnc |2rdacarrier 502 Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 1998. 504 Includes bibliographical references (page : 245-268). 520 This dissertation argues that gender was a central organizing principle in the distribution of political tasks in the French Communist underground of the Second World War. Although women and men worked together in gender-integrated activities and in gender-integrated groups, tasks within these areas were often gender-specific. Scholars and activists alike have emphasized that war in general, and the Second World War in particular, provided unique, if limited, opportunities for fluctuations in gender roles. This study examines this claim by exploring different sets of tasks within the French Communist underground of World War II. Based on archival materials (Vichy archives, police records, documents from the clandestine movement, the underground press, and the like), together with an extensive oral history project of communist women activists of the period, this study identifies a set of gender-specific and gender-integrated groups and practices. It then goes on to analyze the sometimes intentional, sometimes unwitting uses of gender in the underground movement. Chapter I, "Redefining Resistance," argues for an expanded conceptualization of "resistance" that accounts for unique forms of political activities often performed by women. Chapter II on "PCF Policy and Women" is an overview of the party's articulation of the role of women from the interwar years into the clandestine period, in which the organization of women by women in the form of the popular women's committees (comites populaires feminins) was to be the cornerstone of female activism. A stunning example of such activity is examined in Chapter III, "The Demonstration of the rue de Buci," a case study of a single so-called "women's" demonstration in which both women and men played significant roles. Chapter IV, "Travail allemand," examines an exemplary and little-known form of women's resistance that involved foreign-born German-speaking women refugees in a project to infiltrate the occupying German troops within France. Urban and rural partisan activity is the subject of Chapter V, "Armed Combat," in which women performed gender-specific roles as liaison agents in a predominantly male arena. 530 Electronic version(s) |bavailable internally at USHMM. 533 Photocopy. |bAnn Arbor, Mich. : |cUMI Dissertation Services, |d2005. |e22 cm. 590 Dissertations and Theses 591 Record updated by Marcive processing 21 June 2024 650 0 World War, 1939-1945 |xUnderground movements |zFrance. 650 0 World War, 1939-1945 |xWomen |zFrance. 651 0 France |xHistory |yGerman occupation, 1940-1945. 650 0 Communism |zFrance |xHistory |y20th century. 856 41 |uhttp://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=732864951&sid=125&Fmt=6&clientId=54617&RQT=309&VName=PQD |zElectronic version from ProQuest 956 41 |u http://dc.ushmm.org/library/bib110634/9907203.pdf |z Hosted by USHMM. 994 C0 |bLHM 852 0 |bstacks |hD802.F8 |iS39 1998 852 |bwww 852 |bebook