LEADER 04133cam a2200445 a 4500001 239901 005 20240621195937.0 008 140925s2012 enka b 001 0 eng d 010 2012538410 020 9780199288427 |qcloth 020 0199288429 |qcloth 035 (OCoLC)ocn788287846 035 239901 042 lccopycat 049 LHMA 040 BTCTA |beng |erda |cBTCTA |dDLC |dUKMGB |dYDXCP |dCDX |dNLE |dOCLCO |dYNK |dUAT |dBWX |dZCU |dCUT |dMUU |dCGU |dOBE |dOCLCQ |dOCLCO |dLHM 050 00 KZ7145 |b.B445 2012 100 1 Bellamy, Alex J., |d1975- 245 10 Massacres and morality : |bmass atrocities in an age of civilian immunity / |cAlex J. Bellamy. 250 First edition. 264 1 Oxford : |bOxford University Press, |c2012. 300 450 pages : |billustrations ; |c24 cm 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 unmediated |bn |2rdamedia 338 volume |bnc |2rdacarrier 504 Includes bibliographical references (pages 396-439) and index. 505 0 Civilian immunity and the politics of legitimacy -- State terror in the long nineteenth century -- Totalitarian mass killing -- Terror bombing in the Second World War -- The Cold War struggle : capitalist atrocities -- The Cold War struggle : communist atrocities -- Atrocities and the 'Golden age' of humanitarianism -- Radical Islamism and the war on terror. 520 "Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature of global political life. What is more, the perpetrators have often avoided criticism and punishment. Examining dozens of episodes of mass killing perpetrated by states since the French Revolution late eighteenth century, this book attempts to explain this paradox. It studies the role that civilian immunity has played in shaping the behaviour of perpetrators and how international society has responded to mass killing. The book argues that although the world has made impressive progress in legislating against the intentional killing of civilians and in constructing institutions to give meaning to that prohibition, the norm's history in practice suggests that the ascendancy of civilian immunity is both more recent and more fragile than might otherwise be thought. In practice, decisions to violate a norm are shaped by factors relating to the norm and the situation at hand, so too is the manner in which international society and individual states respond to norm violations. Responses to norm violations are not simply matters of normative obligation or calculations of self-interest but are instead guided by a combination of these logics as well as perceptions about the situation at hand, existing relations with the actors involved, and power relations between actors holding different accounts of the situation. Thus, whilst civilian immunity has for the time being prevailed over 'anti-civilian ideologies' which seek to justify mass killing, it remains challenged by these ideologies and its implementation shaped by individual circumstances. As a result, whilst it has become much more difficult for states to get away with mass murder, it is still not entirely impossible for them to do so"--Provided by publisher. 530 Electronic version(s) |bavailable internally at USHMM. 591 Record updated by Marcive processing 21 June 2024 650 0 Crimes against humanity. 650 0 Massacres |xHistory. 650 0 Massacres |xMoral and ethical aspects. 650 0 Civilian war casualties |xHistory. 650 0 Civilian war casualties |xMoral and ethical aspects. 650 0 War crimes |xHistory. 650 0 War crimes |xMoral and ethical aspects. 856 40 |3Electronic version(s) available. |uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ushmm/detail.action?docID=3054853 |zHosted by ProQuest 852 0 |bstacks |hKZ7145 |i.B445 2012 852 |bebook