LEADER 01806cam a2200181Ia 4500001 246778 005 20180404122422.0 008 151007s9999 xx 000 0 und d 020 9.7813216604e+012 100 Zheng, Yiran 245 4 The Past Made Present: Three Holocaust Memorials in Berlin 260 |c2015 520 Since the 1990s, memorial making in Germany has been dominated by a trend of "countermonuments". In the belief that straightforward representations of the Holocaust in an urban surrounding as a public gesture would make it less urgent for the viewers to engage in the memorial, artists who dedicate themselves to "countermonuments" attempt to invite the viewers to actively interpret the meaning of the work for themselves. This trend coincides with a broader trend in memorial design, following the modernist and constructivist movements in art and architecture, which has shifted away from explicit representation toward the use of more abstract forms, and focuses visitors' attention on the shape and material of the artwork. This paper will examine three memorials in Berlin, namely the Mirrored Wall Memorial, Places of Remembrance and the Garden of Exile, with a focus on their contexts and artistic expressions. Featuring a direct phenomenological interaction with the site and space around them, these memorials associate their viewers with the historic contexts of the sites in their unique way. In doing so, a knowledge and understanding of the past is accessible within the present. 530 ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 856 |uhttp://search.proquest.com/docview/1687202722?accountid=47978 987 Dissertation ordered September 2015 956 41 |uhttp://dc.ushmm.org/library/bib246778/1585982.pdf |zHosted by USHMM. 852 |breceiving |kShelved at 79-2-2