LEADER 03833cam a2200397Ia 4500001 72773 005 20240621152628.0 008 020725s1983 xx rb 000 0 eng d 035 (OCoLC)ocm50235165 035 72773 049 LHMA 040 LHM |beng |erda |cLHM 090 D809.U5 |bL683 1983 100 1 Lowenstein, Sharon R. 245 12 A new deal for refugees : |bthe promise and reality of Oswego, 1944-1945 / |cSharon R. Lowenstein. 264 1 [Place of publication not identified] : |b[publisher not identified], |c1983. 300 x, 360 pages 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 unmediated |bn |2rdamedia 338 volume |bnc |2rdacarrier 502 Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kansas, 1983. 504 Includes bibliographical references (pages 345-359). 520 One thousand, predominantly Jewish, Nazi victims spent eighteen months during 1944-46 in a refugee camp that FDR established at Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York. Two groups, Peter Bergson's Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, and Henry Morgenthau, Jr.'s "Treasury Boys," lobbied to place rescue above politics and postpone questions of permanent settlement in favor of establishing temporary havens, needed to persuade neutral European countries to open their borders to fleeing refugees. The Emergency Refugee Shelter in Oswego represented the sole achievement of a War Refugee Board proposal for unlimited temporary havens in the United States, a proposal meant to persuade Britain to open Palestine for similar camps. This is a diplomatic, political, and social history. Part I traces the fate of the temporary havens proposal through the Roosevelt Administration and reveals the schism that briefly opened in Anglo-American refugee policy during the first half of 1944. Part II profiles the Oswego internees, examines the character of their American internment, which was supervised by the War Relocation Authority, the agency which administered the Japanese Relocation Centers, and studies the impact of the American camp on its refugee residents. Part II discusses public and private efforts to repudiate the conditions under which FDR brought them to America, efforts to gain their release on internment-at-large and to grant them immigration status. They obtained the latter under the Truman Directive. This dissertation is based primarily on government records in the National Archives, the Morgenthau and War Refugee Board collections in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Fort Ontario records at Columbia University, and Foreign Office material in the Public Records Office outside London. Of secondary importance were the National Refugee Service papers in the American Jewish Historical Society and the NRS and Joseph P. Chamberlain papers at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. Collections in the Library of Congress, Harry S. Truman Library, and University of Virginia were also consulted, as were private organizations' archives, newspapers, and secondary works. Former refugees and officials throughout the country granted me interviews and shared their private records. 530 Electronic version(s) |bavailable internally at USHMM. 533 Photocopy. |bAnn Arbor, Mich. : |cUMI Dissertation Services, |d2002. |e23 cm. 590 Dissertations and Theses 591 Record updated by Marcive processing 21 June 2024 650 0 Jewish refugees |zNew York (State) |zOswego. 650 0 Jews |zNew York (State) |zOswego. 650 0 World War, 1939-1945 |xJews |xRescue. 651 0 United States |xEmigration and immigration. 651 0 Oswego (N.Y.) |xEthnic relations. 956 41 |u http://dc.ushmm.org/library/bib72773/8317901.pdf |z Hosted by USHMM. 994 E0 |bLHM 852 0 |bstacks |hD809.U5 |iL683 1983 852 |bebook