Cesia K. Holocaust testimony (HVT-420) interviewed by Erika Jacoby and Penny Wities,

Videotape testimony of Cesia K., who was born in Łódź, Poland to a middle-class family of four children. She recalls a sheltered childhood; German invasion; anti-Jewish measures; ghettoization; starvation, beatings, and forced labor; her impressions of Ḥayim Rumkowski; her mother's escape with her nine-month-old sibling during a children's deportation; trying to help others through the sick committee; her father's deportation in August 1944 (she never saw him again); separation from her mother, brothers, and grandmother upon arrival at Auschwitz; transfer with her sister to Stutthof in November 1944; frequent killings on a death march in January 1945; escaping with her sister from a boat en route to Gdańsk; walking to a labor camp for non-Jewish Slavs; her sister developing gangrene; liberation by Soviet troops; and returning to Łódź in April 1945. Mrs. K. describes working to support her sister; learning that her brother was in Italy on his way to Palestine; marriage in December 1945; antisemitic incidents in 1946; and fleeing with her husband via Czechoslovakia to Germany. She discusses her continuing distrust of Poles and Germans and reluctance to visit either country.