Władysława Z. Holocaust testimony (HVT-3169) interviewed by Michel Sobelman,

Videotape testimony of Władysława Z., who was born in Łęczyca, Poland in 1913. She describes her large, Hasidic family; participating in socialist activities; antisemitic experiences at Warsaw University; recuperating from a broken leg in Rabka with Zionists friends; brief imprisonment for leftist activities; moving to Łódź; German invasion; moving to Białystok, then Stanislav in the Soviet zone; marriage; teaching near Korolëvka; cordial relations with Ukrainians and Poles; sending packages to her family in the Warsaw ghetto; visiting L'viv when Germany invaded the Soviet Union; returning to Korkëvka; trips to Kolomyi︠a︡; being smuggled into the Warsaw ghetto in March 1942; her parents' and sisters' deportations; escaping; receiving false papers; hiding her brother-in-law; blackmail and harassment by a Pole; helping another brother-in-law to hide; hearing non-Jews discuss the ghetto uprising; struggling to stay alive during the 1944 Warsaw Uprising; hiding until liberation by Soviet troops; working for the Ministry of Propaganda; moving to Łódź; and returning to Warsaw to work for the Ministry of Commerce. Mrs. Z. discusses her former belief in socialism which motivated her to remain in Poland; disavowing her Judaism until antisemitism in 1968 prompted her to reclaim her Jewish identity; and the importance to their survival of help from many non-Jews.