Norman S. Holocaust testimony (HVT-1055) interviewed by Bernard Weinstein,

Videotape testimony of Norman S., who was born in 1927 in Kolbuszowa, Poland, the youngest of nine children. He recounts his family's poverty; attending public school and cheder; antisemitic harassment; working in his father's store; attending yeshiva in Tarńow; German invasion; fleeing to Kraków; arrest en route to the Soviet zone; escape; traveling to Lʹviv; arrest while returning home; escape; returning home; one brother serving on the Judenrat; his family's deportation to Rzeszów; ghettoization; retrieving his family; working for the Judenrat and in the ghetto hospital; arrest of the Judenrat (his brother was released, the others deported); slave labor in a quarry in Lipie; escape; deportation to Pustków; escape; his father's execution (he helped bury him and others); deportation to the Rzeszów ghetto; he and his brother volunteering to clear the Kolbuszowa ghetto; a German beating his friend to death; bribing a German official with coffee to avoid execution; escaping with his brother and others; hiding with non-Jews; obtaining weapons; forming a Jewish group in the forest; building bunkers; villagers killing many in his group; taking revenge on collaborators; attacks by the Armia Krajowa (AK); a Catholic priest providing him with false papers; being wounded by the AK; assistance from a veterinarian in Kupna; treatment as a non-Jew by an AK doctor in Sędziszów; hiding his wounded brother; using his false papers to join the AK; leading an attack on the German who had killed his friend; liberation by Soviet troops; joining the Polish military; serving in Lublin; liberating Kraków; meeting his future wife; serving in an intelligence unit; smuggling Jews and weapons out of Poland; emigration to the United States from Munich; economic hardships while establishing himself; his daughter's birth in 1956; gratitude to the United States; and regrets he did not emigrate to Israel.