Guillotine in prison, 1946

YMCA; Prague

Film

Street scenes, trolley, storefronts in Czechoslovakia. CU sign reads “YMCA KAVARNA JIDELNA VCHOD PASAZI.” Young men with a coach on a basketball court. CU coach demonstrates how to hold the ball. Young boys in an indoor pool. Boys sitting on the side of the pool cheering swimmers. SOME OVERLAP WITH FILM ID 2322 (03:30) Audience. Couple at head of room, camera and lights seen to the left. Woman stands and speaks. CU audience. They get refreshments. EXT Charles Bridge in Prague, stone arch at one end of bridge. St. Vitus Cathedral. CU statue. Man on ladder takes down a sign from the side of a building. Street, trolley moves towards the camera. Additional shots of streets and buildings in Prague. (08:23) CU guillotine blade falling, shadow of man. Men observing and discussing guillotine. Man on hands and knees scrubbing floor of large hallway with the silhouette of a man pacing in FG. Men and women gathered in a room with bookshelves, looking at a booklet together. Women setting up chess board. CU hands arranging shapes. Additional people enter the room and shake hands. Woman seated with row of men standing behind them, looking at booklets and framed portraits together. Photographs of young boys and a medal in a case. CU, Národní osvobození newspaper with photograph of philosopher Jaroslav Šimsa.

Recovery activities sponsored by the Economic Cooperation Administration

Film

The Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) was a U.S. government agency set up in 1948 to administer the European recovery program (Marshall Plan). EXT man on a horse-drawn mower in a field. Men clear grass by hand with scythes. Farm building and truck. Women hoeing. CU women stop to talk. Men load hay onto a truck. Truck drives away. Courtyard with men moving large sacks. Men and women work on farm machinery and bag grain. (04:09) Slate reads “DAY 3 EXT 1 ECA.” CU root vegetables. Three horses pull a cart full of root vegetables as a man walks alongside. Truck dumpsload of root vegetables. Farm machinery and truck in field, harvesting. CU “CATERPILLAR” on side of tractor. More slates and different farming machinery. LS tractor in a field with farm buildings behind it. Silhouette of farm machinery at sunset.

Prague city; Czech prison; YMCA; Jaroslav Šimsa

Film

Pedestrians on Charles Bridge in Prague. Buildings and street in the Little Quarter. St. Vitus Cathedral. Scaffolding. Old Town Square. Statue of the Holy Crucifix and Calvary on Charles Bridge. Additional shots of statues, buildings, and streets in Prague. (03:50) INT shadow of man cranking the blade of a guillotine up. This scene was shot in the Pancraz prison in Prague postwar. Shadow of blade falling. Man demonstrates guillotine. CU two men in discussion. Man on hands and knees scrubs floor of large hallway with the silhouette of a man pacing in FG. Man sitting in cell with bars on the window. (06:44) Street in Prague with trolley going by. Storefronts. CU sign reads “YMCA KAVARNA JIDELNA VCHOD PASAZI.” CU sign reads “PRAZSKA YMKA.” Busy sidewalk in front of YMCA, several people enter. INT women seated with a row of men standing behind them, looking at booklets and framed portraits together. CU They bow their heads in prayer. Opening the book “BEYOND TRAGEDY” by Reinhold Niebuhr. Opening booklet “PIRAT SEDMI MORI.” Bookshelves. Setting up a chess board in a room, the small bust of a man and a portrait of philosopher Jaroslav Šimsa with black ribbon in BG. Brief shot of two women looking at a medal in a case. (15:25) Young man picks up cans from a windowsill. Men seen through an open window. INT man sits on a cot reading. Two men join him. CU the men discuss the newspaper and gesture to a portrait of Czech statesman Edvard Beneš on the wall. Man cuts and butters bread at a table in the room. Gesturing to photograph of philosopher Jaroslav Šimsa on the wall while eating bread. Men come in and out of room, talking.

Recovering in postwar Czechoslovakia; Šimsa

Film

Two open elevators go up and down, people get on and off. Man leads a seated audience in song with accompanying hand gestures. CU audience listens. Woman speaks. Man raises hand and stands to perhaps answer a question. CU smiling audience. Men talk, upright plaque on table in FG. CU people sing and make hand gestures and smile. CU man leading song. Man plays piano. Audience applauds for piano player. (11:28) Man gestures to a photograph of philosopher Jaroslav Šimsa on the wall. “SIMSA” book. Man cuts and butters bread. Men seated at table in discussion, upright plaque on table, one man stands and speaks. Others talk and smile. Audience stands for refreshments. INT, young men with a coach on a basketball court. Boys in an indoor pool.

Bryan locates individuals he filmed during the German siege of Warsaw

Film

Reel 7A. Colorful flowers. Mother sitting with children on a park bench in Warsaw. New housing in Warsaw. Reconstruction. Steel mill. Workers leave mill through gates. Cranes at work, INT coal burning. INTs, Julien Bryan with Jozefa Drzewowska (age 72), photographed clasping her hands in prayer in 1939 and used on the cover of "Siege" (Photo Archives W/S 47403). Jozefa's daughter and grandchildren. Julien Bryan with Apolonia and village children distributing contents of a CARE package. Apolonia Wiktorzak was photographed in 1939 holding a loaf of bread, now 65 years old (Photo Archives W/S 47371). He gives Apolonia a scarf and fur jacket. Jozefa stands at the doorway of her apartment building while her daughter and grandchildren exit (repeated shots). Farmland in Poland. EXT, café with patrons in Krakow. Market, Barbican stairs, crowded square and church. HAS, beach. MS, castle of Polish kings (Wawel) in Krakow, closer view of tourists. Visiting Auschwitz concentration camp, visitors walk under "Arbeit Macht Frei" iron gate. LS, amusements along river - children playing. INTs, CU, woman praying at Catholic mass. INTs, nursery school, cute toddlers at play. EXT, patrons sit at café tables (again), talking, smoking. Flower stalls at the outdoor marketplace. Reel 7B. CU, red metal sign for a medical clinic in Warsaw. HAS, repeated LSs, of the city of Warsaw from a lookout tower. Series of sequences with Mrs. Waclawa Ladziak, her daughter Janina, her son-in-law Eugeniusz Motyka, and her 3 year old grandson. Mrs. Ladziak was photographed with her infant daughter Janina by Julien Bryan in September 1939 crossing a bridge with their belongings to escape Nazi bombing (Photo Archives W/S 47230). INTs, apartment, Janina brushes her hair and puts on makeup at a vanity, books arranged for camera, bookshelf, radio. Her husband shaves. CUs, Waclawa with her grandson, looking at a family photo album. EXT, Kazimiera Mika's small house at 2 Dalibora in Warsaw. Kazimiera was photographed by JB in 1939 mourning the death of her older sister, who was killed in a field in Warsaw during a German air raid (Photo Archvives W/S 50897). CU, Kazimiera's son Andrew meets his father, a tram driver, on the sidewalk and walks into their home. Janina (seen earlier) and her husband walk through Warsaw, looking at posters, looking at newspaper article on "Siege" photos from 1939, including the photograph of her as a baby. The family then walks across a bridge (recreation of the 1939 scene). CU of Jozefa (seen earlier), praying in field adjacent to the small church. JB with Jozefa and the priest, small church in BG. Large group of schoolchildren walk along a road with their teacher. MSs, Julien Bryan talks to Ryszard Pajewski (now a truck driver) who he filmed in 1939 (boy sitting in rubble, Photo Archives W/S 31324). Of this encounter in 1958, JB wrote "he remembered my gray suit." Children at the school playground, playing with toys outdoors, putting on coats, dancing in a circle. Big building in the city of Warsaw, street cleaning, traffic. Outdoor marketplace, CUs of vegetables. A different shot of school-children crossing the street. Balbina Szymanska (mother of the twins killed on September 5, 1944) with her husband and children standing on a pile of ruins in Warsaw, some with JB. Balbina was photographed immediately after giving birth to twins at the bombed maternity hospital in 1939 (Photo Archives W/S 47218). JB shows a crowd his "Siege" book, next to his automobile. Good CUs of Poles. Brief shot of Stefan Radlinski (in light jacket) shaking hands with a Polish civilian. He was JB's interpreter during the siege of Warsaw in 1939.

Destroyed Gdansk

Film

Reel 3A Winter 1945/1946 or 1946/1947 In Gdansk (Danzig), destruction to buildings along the river in the city, reflection in the water. Building EXTs with German-language signs (iron factory, restaurant, etc). [VQ- still frames in places where there are technical problems from Bryan's camera and poor processing.] Cut to elder couple walking toward camera among ruins. Three men digging in a pile of bricks. Repeat of earlier two sequences in black and white. August-September 1958 Village scenes (poor image color and quality) in Poland, geese in water, tractor and farming. Winter 1945/1946 or 1946/1947 Return to city (Danzig?) with shells of buildings. CU, inscriptions and signs. CUs, posters. In Gdansk (Danzig), destroyed buildings, Deutschebank, streets with ruined buildings.

Bryan locates individuals he filmed during the German siege of Warsaw

Film

Reel 3B Julien Bryan shows his book "Siege" to Poles in Warsaw, looking to find people he photographed in 1939, including priest Father Wlodarczyk, photographed in 1939 with a broken portrait in church ruins (Photo Archives W/S 47239). VAR CUs of Poles gathered around Bryan. Small church. Julien Bryan with a female interpreter, Christina Cekalska, in front of a sign for the National Theater. MS, Apolonia Wiktorzak, who was photographed in 1939 holding a loaf of bread, now 65 years old (Photo Archives W/S 47371). Longer view of the group crowding around Bryan and Apolonia in front of their homes in the Polish countryside. Two children on city street walk toward camera. LS, St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw with a crowd at the entrance. LS, man walking along road with three children, a cyclist, and a building with façade under construction. JB and Christina look at National Theater posters. Catholic mass spills onto church steps, closer shots, children, crowd kneels. Bryan with translator shows "Siege" photographs from 1939 to more Poles. Tram stop. Market, fruit and vegetable stands, balloons. MS, grand building, Hotel Bristol, where JB and other foreigners with neutral passports assembled on Sept. 21, 1939 immediately prior to getting out of Warsaw. Pedestrians pass front windows of the hotel. Cut to another intersection, and then another with people entering a travel agency and CUs of posters of Budapest and an international music festival in the windows. (Building is the one JB photographed in 1939 with sandbags and "Wagonslits" sign in Photo Archives W/S 47396). Traffic and pedestrians cross a bridge, Polish flags hang from the posts, homes in BG. View from afar of a train crossing a bridge and the city along the Vistula river. Three nurses look at photos of a bombed hospital from "Siege" book, the shots that follow include Julien Bryan in the frame. The nurses (Sisters Zurawska, Helena, and Genowefa) remembered the day when the maternity ward of the Catholic Hospital of the Transfiguration was bombed in 1939, which JB photographed (Photo Archives W/S 47210). LS, MSs of the new city hospital with 800 beds. Man on crutches. Another view of tram traffic on a bridge and Warsaw.

Catholic church in Warsaw postwar

Film

EXT, Warsaw in ruins in winter 1946/1947 on a bright sunny day. Damaged buildings. Good close shots of Poles entering and exiting a Catholic church. The doorway is marked in Polish with "Wejscie do Kosciola"[the entrance to the church]. Some men in Polish military uniforms. Longer shot of the same area showing the church steeple, patrons, ruined buildings, electronic rail lines above the streets.

Cemetery and church in postwar Warsaw

Film

Reel 3A Cemetery, tombstones. Women placing flowers and candles at graves. MS, cemetery with men, women, and children. Wooden crosses flanked with miniature Polish flags and flowers. Official military burial with flag-draped coffins, Polish soldiers, wooden crosses/wreaths, and a priest. Cut to Catholic church in the ruins of Warsaw. Poles exit and enter through an underground entrance marked in Polish with "Wejscie do Kosciola"[the entrance to the church] (Photo Archives W/S 46323). MS, Warsaw street scenes in ruins.

Rebuilding Warsaw, probably in 1947

Film

Reel 3A Animated map. Goats grazing in brick ruins. Man approaches a gravesite with flowers. LS, overview of massive destruction in the city of Warsaw - bombed buildings. MS, then CUs of the monument in the former Warsaw ghetto to Jews who died in the 1943 uprising. HAS, construction site, rebuilding Poland, river in BG, crane. VAR views of schoolchildren walking along the sidewalk and playing at school. HAS, policeman directing traffic (pedestrians, automobiles, trams, horse/buggy) with Warsaw in the distance. School. Shop amidst ruins (pile of bricks). CU, shop sign (bookstore). Large building adjacent to new construction. Children walk to school. CU, shoulder patch of a Danish soldier. Reconstruction of Warsaw from a moving vehicle. CU, architectural model of Warsaw. INT, classroom, a priest lectures to boys and girls seated at desks. AS of vehicular traffic. A man sells wares on the street, a girl buys ice cream. Pan, Warsaw. Polish military teens pass wooden crosses along (assembly-line style) at a cemetery. Closer shots of bombed buildings. Now in a village, CUs of Polish children - looking at camera, digging in the dirt, and eating dumplings. Mountain-side views of the town, a man dressed as a bear stands along a sidewalk greeting villagers. High shot of open jeep with people entering a village, boys performing a drill, woman doing laundry in her yard, bucolic mountains, and three pedestrians. Quick shot of "Fryzjer" [barber] sign, followed by ruins of Warsaw, shells of buildings. People look out "window" in shelled building, woman with a water pail, children playing in ruins, geese, Julien Bryan's car, ruins located adjacent to the river, children playing games.

Modern Poland before World War II

Film

English intertitles. Film taken prewar. Bridge. City streets and important buildings in Warsaw. A modern country: pedestrians reading newspapers, posters advertising arts and culture, vendors, trams, tall buildings, man with balloons and schoolchildren, storefronts. Cherished old quarters of Poland with ornate signs. Marketplaces - women selling flowers. City parks - women with baby carriages, CUs. High-rise apartment buildings and other modern housing structures. Jewish quarter, including arched street made famous by Roman Vishniac, geese transported in a wooden cart, the market in Krakow, Finkelstein shop and its owners, two religious Jews gesticulating in the street, and teenage students. A zinc refinery - factory and workers, zinc plates created and moved. Private residences in the mountains of Poland - wealthy couple and dog. Peasant workers with dogs and cows. A farm village, horses generate electricity for cutting hay. Peasant family - INTs of home, cooking, eating bread. Woman weaving. Livestock and farmers. CU, village children in school in southeastern Poland, playing ball outdoors, toddlers in kindergarten coloring, with abacus, learning grammar. Children weaving in the classroom, CUs. Boys engage in wood carving and sculpture in the classroom. Gdynia port with ships docked to export coal and lumber. Loading barges. Lumber yard. Railway, train, train driver.

YMCA: swim team, singing, basketball; sights in Prague

Film

Man operates a movie reel projector, children watch and cheer the movie. Boys swim in a pool and cheer each other on. Man sings to a classroom. Man plays piano. Boys play basketball. CUs of Czech language booklets. The Charles Bridge in Prague. Young men learn how to play basketball. Large buildings in Prague. CUs, signs for the YMCA. Men stop and read sign, then enter the building. A group of people in a room sing together and perform hand motions to the song. Camera tracks backwards over Charles Bridge. The Prague Castle. CUs, basketball players. More city scenes of Prague, streets, buildings. A woman pours tea. Boys dive into a pool. CUs, St. Vitus Cathedral and statues on the Charles Bridge. Men ride an open elevator. Boys. Newspaper. Girls exercise in a gym. A young boy points to pictures on the wall. Eating in an apartment. Boys in pool. Shots, street scenes. INTs, men in lounge, talking and reading, CUs pictures on the wall.

Daily life in Russia

Film

INT, shots through a window of a window washer. EXT, city scenes from a moving tram. EXT, men digging up a road. Cows pass a barn. Young boys put potatoes in a bucket. CU, trams drive by, a busy town square. People board and exit a tram. Men read newspaper board. Various shots of little children. Man meticulously shines a woman's shoes. Street scenes. CU, fish in a tank. Storefront. Rowboat on a river. Men buy beer from a stand in the square. CU, statue of a rearing horse and a man holding the lead. Postmen deliver mail. Peasants/farmers shovel and load hay. Storefront of a housewares store. Young salesgirl/vendor sells something on the street. Elaborate Russian Orthodox church. Military vehicle. Construction on buildings. Crowd of people stand outside a storefront waiting for a performance of musical puppets. Eyeglass shop.

Women working at sewing machines; fashion

Film

INT, women sitting at tables and sewing clothing in a large room. A woman walks through the room with two shirts. A woman stands in front of a mirror in a dress that a seamstress is adjusting and pinning. CU, book of fashion. A designer sketches a dress. CU, Singer sewing machine. Camera pans over a city street in Russia, closes in on a sign on a building (in Cyrillic). INT, large group of women sitting around a table. Garments hang and rotate from mirror panels on a wall. CU, high heels as the camera pans up the body of a woman trying on a dress. INTs, women work at sewing machines. CU, fashion magazines. SEQ: Women in fashionable dresses walk down stairs and model for a small group of people. EXT, beauty parlor. INT, room of people being groomed. Wall covered in pictures of Joseph Stalin. In staff lounge, men play games, look at books, read newspaper. More grooming/setting hair.

Fishing in China

Film

Various scenes of China - children, cleaning wok on small boat, fishing, traveling shots from rowboat, home, scenic landscape views, fishing on river, ducks.

Arc de Triomphe

Film

Ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe at night. The monument is heavily lit and a flag is posted before it. CUs, street lamp.

Marshall Plan parade

Film

Dutch flags on buildings. Marshall Plan parade in the Netherlands. Float proclaiming "Thank You Marshall" with girls dressed in white passes the camera. Various MSs, CUs of spectators watching parade and cheering. More floats process. Another view of the Dutch flags. CUs, Dutch spectators.

Eleanor Roosevelt in Holland

Film

Procession of automobiles arrives at church, spectators line the streets. Women greet officials, shake hands. Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt in a flowered hat is welcomed by state officials. INTs of church, Mrs. Roosevelt speaking from podium, clergy seated in formal dress for the official visit. Mrs. Roosevelt exiting church with a bouquet of flowers and officials. CUs, spectators welcoming Mrs. Roosevelt. Procession of priests and academics. Horses with buggy, jovial elderly man. CU, woman with camera.

Postwar steel wire factory

Film

INTs wire factory (ECA slates throughout). Various MSs and CUs of interiors, workers, and equipment. 01:04:07 Multiple takes, at end of shift, worker takes his bicycle and rides it around the EXT of the factory building past other employees. INTs, factory. CU, woman in window talking to someone below. Different shot of EXT of building with bicycles parked out front, same worker rides one. City street scenes, busy intersection, buses, man on bicycle passes by (multiple takes), traffic. CUs, man. EXT, factory with smokestacks (minor film damage).

China landscapes and farming

Film

Various scenes of China - children, home, farming, agriculture, landscape, mountains, building boat, fishing.

Postwar steel wire factory

Film

INTs wire factory (ECA slates throughout), workers, and equipment.

Ceremony at church

Film

Very brief trim, INTs of church, many clergy seated in formal dress for some kind of official visit or ceremony. Most likely related to Eleanor Roosevelt's visit seen in Story RG-60.4652.

Marshall Plan parade

Film

Marshall Plan parade in the Netherlands. Marching band and elaborate floats process while spectators line streets. Float sponsored by Dutch airline KLM passes, followed by one proclaiming "Thank You Marshall" with girls dressed in white. CUs, marching band members. Dutch flags posted on apartment buildings, spectators watch the parade from their apartment windows, street traffic.

Siege of Warsaw

Film

This is an incomplete version of the film "Siege" and does not have Julien Bryan's soundtrack. Warsaw 1939. Julien Bryan introduction to camera. Civilians digging ditches, constructing blockades, dead horses. Poles washing outdoors in makeshift homes, food lines. Bundles of belongings on baby carriage. Poles walking with bundles. Interior - damage to Kodak film laboratory where Bryan's films were being developed. Fires, church destruction, priests, relics, etc. INT, hospital damage. Open field, women gathering potatoes, injured by strafing of Luftwaffe planes. Poles gather in front of town ruins, VAR CUs, people in distress.

Displaced persons board ship in Bremerhaven, Germany to relocate to the United States

Film

Bremerhaven, Germany at the port of embarkation. US military personnel mill about, arranging signs, helping DPs with luggage, guiding the refugees through this stage of the emigration process. They are on their way to the United States, a large painted banner on the docks reads: "Welcome to the first DP Emigrants to the US, Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation" Refugees board the ship (the General Wm. M. Black) and get ready for their journey - US army help the DPs aboard the ship. Everyone seems very happy, even the children, some have looks of bewilderment on their faces. All are in overcoats, carrying luggage, and they have name tags/ ID tags on their clothing. 01:00:40 and 01:03:40 -- Another banner over the deck of the ship reads: "Ship to freedom" with DPs, including John (Ivan) Poliszczuk. Press and camera crews are visible; a military band plays for the event. As the DPs board the ship, US Army man directs them from the top of gangplank: men are sent to one side, women and children to the other. The passengers wave from the ship's deck to the camera, the camera follows the ship as it heads out to sea. The ship moves out of sight. 01:04:27 VS of dockworkers at the port of Linz (on the Danube River in Austria), loading and unloading other ships and barges with raw materials.

DPs emigrate from Bremerhaven, Germany to the United States; scenes of postwar life in Salzburg, Austria

Film

Bremerhaven, Germany: CU of Julien Bryan's name written in chalk on the side of a railcar, he used this as his camera slate. Port: MS of part of the ship the "US Army Transport General William M. Black," passengers wave from the deck of the ship to the camera, a banner on the lower deck of the ship reads: "America Welcomes Its New Citizens," camera pans to upper deck of ship where a banner reads: "Ship to Freedom." The passengers and the US military aboard the ship wave to the cameras. New slate, Salzburg, Austria: US Information Center on a buys street corner. Austrian civilians gather to look at the window displays featuring information about industry and farming in the US. Scene shifts to barge along a river in Austria. New slate: Bremerhaven, Germany: DPs getting off the trains from the first leg of their journey, US military police are patrolling the train platform, young women with their luggage and their ID tags pinned to their coats line up for the camera and then move along. VS of DPs and MPs feet as they move along the train platform. Teenage boys (refugees) waiting in line to board the ship, looking up at the ship that is out of frame, their ID tags are attached to pins that say; "US Committee," they are followed by a group of older ladies, a man with a camera around his neck moves out of the way of the movie camera. VS of refugees filing off of trains and towards the ship. Good CUs of the children, the press, etc. at the port as they get on board the ship. US military cameramen are visible in some shots as well.

Relocation of displaced persons from Yugoslavia

Film

INT, A Yugoslavian family is seen in their own quarters at the DP camp (staged). The extended family is gathered around a woodburning stove in their makeshift home, UNRRA crates serve as their coffee table, and a tapestry hangs on the wall in the BG above the metal frame cot. One of the young men packs his suitcase as all the family gathers round to view their newly created identity papers and make plans for the future. One of the women is making coffee on the stove. VS, mostly MCUs of the family members passing around the documents to have a closer look. CU of one of their passports from Yugoslavia. MS of the family back at the processing center. They gather around a table with two IRO representatives, one who represents the Venezuelan mission, the other who is a medical doctor, responsible for documenting the health of the émigrés. The Venezuelan mission representative locates Venezuela on a large map of South America for the family, as they look on and ask questions. The doctor examines a chest X-ray of another family member.

Relocation of displaced persons

Film

INT, MS, IRO refugee processing center. Several displaced persons gather around the Canadian representatives at their desk at the processing center (staged). The two representatives answer questions from the group, made up mostly of young men, and a few young women. MCU, two young refugees talk to the representatives. EXT, LS, DP camp Ebelsberg in Linz, Austria. Refugees gather with their belongings to begin their journey to Canada. VS, refugees helping each other close and label their luggage for the journey. The refugees load into open trucks in order to make the trip to the train station, includes Mendel Good (Aftergut). At the train station all the belongings are loaded into the railcars. Children getting into the railcars with their families to begin a new life. The refugees speak to each other, to the IRO staff that are helping them, and to the camera. Several CUs of crates bearing the names of individuals and their final destinations.

Relocation of displaced persons

Film

EXT, relocation of DPs and war refugees. Filmed in Linz [see US army truck with Linz painted on the back.] VS, camp from various angles. LS establishing shot of a large crowd of displaced persons- men, women, and children, milling about outside of a barracks-like building (processing center). MCU, refugees in smaller groups, talking to each other as they wait for entrance to the building. Some look directly at the camera, several avoid it. These are many groups of extended families. Julien Bryan's notes do not indicate the ethnicity, nationality, or religious preference of the DPs, but they are probably a mix of ethnic Germans, Poles, and Jews. There are several young children and babies in the group, as well as an amputee, and even a small dog. At the door to the processing center a man with an armband slowly lets small groups of people enter as he eats an apple and talks to another young man.

Relocation of displaced persons

Film

INT, processing center for IRO (International Relief Organization). Families line up at desks where young men and women review their identity papers, create new documents, and arrange for them to emigrate to North America (Canada, United States), and various countries in South America. They are fingerprinted as well. VS, CUs of the refugees talking to the IRO workers. Expressions on the faces of refugees range from terrified to elated. 01:03:23:28 CU of a set of identity papers being created for a young woman, and her fingerprints being imprinted on the back of the paper. The same action is now viewed in a MS, where the young woman's family is visible as well. Footage has been staged for the camera in order to capture the entire process.

WWII European refugees arrive in New York City

Film

New York Harbor, new arrivals to America. DPs from Europe, they are not all Jewish DPs, but they are all war refugees. VS, the ship named US Army Transport General WM. Black. Tracking shot of ship's arrival to NYC. Refugees and the crew of the ship wave to the camera as they enter the harbor. VS of New York harbor and the Statue of Liberty.

Postwar French youth camp

Film

This series of outtakes features adolescents (both male and female) in the mountains in France playing volleyball and other sports, dancing, singing and engaging in various outdoor activities at a youth camp. The exact location of this camp in France is not known. In the BG several tents are visible on the hillside. This footage has obviously been staged for the camera. The camera slates between takes indicate that this production was done in conjunction with the YMCA, which explains the focus on youth and their healthy development; the footage was most likely intended for use in an informational/documentary production for the French to encourage a return to routines of daily life that existed before the war.

YMCA; music recital; rehabilitation of youth, Prague, 1946

Film

EXT, VS of Prague, large municipal building, trolley car passing through frame, etc. Prague prison guillotine shadow sequence; CU of a prisoner who scrubs the floor; recital hall in Prague, young men and women are gathered for a performance and social. VS of young boys and girls lining up for tickets, then VS, CUs of them inside a theater, laughing and smiling, watching a film? Stage show? VS, CUs of the children lauging and enjoying themselves during the performance. INT, VS, young men at a large cafeterias style table, eating,drinking and horsing around. Very lively, footage. Women setting up drinks and sweets for the boys. VS, posters, charts and graphs on the wall at the Polska YMCA. Music recital, woman plays piano, hand painted sign above stage reads: "E. Grieg 1845-1907, sulla Peer Gint, Trabka G. Bizel Puzon Walloinia Tuba, suita L'Artesienne". There is a large microphone at the piano, it looks as if the performance could have been recorded, although this footage is silent, and no known soundtrack exists. Pianist gets up, takes a bow, conductor introduces trumpet player, french horn player, and trombone player.

Intertitles for The Invisible Bridge; Czech prison sequence

Film

01:23:52:01: Beginning titles of the Julien Bryan film "The Invisible Bridge". Credits read as follows: A Julien Bryan IFF Presentation, written by Basil Beyea, narrated by Arnold Moss, Edited by Joseph E. Dushock and Edward H. Powick. These credits are followed by more credits for the Far Eastern Expedition crew and the European Expedition crew; END credit runs, then cut to EXT, low angle CU of a cathedral; a shot of man in his prison cell, viewed first through the door's peep hole, and then by opening the cell door entirely, he sits in a chair, arms folded, looking at a wall, then scrubbing the floor.

French children in a youth camp, postwar

Film

This series of outtakes features adolescents (both male and female) in the mountains in France playing volleyball and other sports, dancing, singing and engaging in various outdoor activities at a youth camp. The exact location of this camp in France is not known. In the BG several tents are visible on the hillside. This footage has obviously been staged for the camera. The camera slates between takes indicate that this production was done in conjunction with the YMCA, which explains the focus on youth and their healthy development; the footage was most likely intended for use in an informational/documentary production for the French to encourage a return to routines of daily life that existed before the war.

Polish YMCA and rebuilding in Prague, 1946

Film

CU on the book "Beyond Tragedy" by Reinhold Niebuhr. A woman holds the book and turns several pages in the book. EXT, VS Prague, buildings under reconstruction; town square; EXT of the YMCA;CU of sign that reads: "Polska YMCA"; adolescent boys coming out of the swimming pool in their short, tight trunks, lots of horseplay and other things popping up. 01:04:40:11 to 01:05:02:00 Young men and women gathered in a hall for a social, and then seated to watch a musical performance; band on stage, several cuts back and forth between musicians and audience. 01:08:25:20: Swimming pool, the boys how to dive with a coach, VS, CUs of the coach positioning their bodies, shot from behind, then seen in reverse angle from the front, shot from the opposite side of the pool; more horseplay in the pool. 01:09:54:20: return to concert/recital; CUs of audience members; English lessons at the YWCA with a female teacher.

Polish YMCA in Prague, 1946

Film

Prague, 1946. Polish YMCA: young adults take classes at the YMCA. The classes are co-ed. They are learning English. Scenes of socials, teas, mixers, etc. VS: young men learn to play basketball.

Prison in Prague, 1946

Film

A very brief sequence in an unidentified prison in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1946. MS, from low angle. An inmate cleans a tile floor on his hands and knees with a wet rag and a bucket of water as a guard watches over him. The guard is in the foreground of the shot, and is seen mainly from the waist down, as a coat and a pair of boots in shadow. The inmate is in the background, and his figure is well lit.

Prague, 1946

Film

EXT shots of the YMCA building in Prague (called YMKA in Polish). VS: reconstruction of buildings in Prague. INT: VS: young adults/university age students; a reading room; CU of books on the bookshelves (Polish titles); MS: a group of young men socialize in a dormitory room, pictures of dignitaries and a poster of Prague hang on the walls; CU of a professor's classroom door. Inside the classroom, English lessons in progress, female teacher. VS: CUs of the students in class and at a social gathering.

Economic recovery activities in Europe

Film

The Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) was a U.S. government agency set up in 1948 to administer the European recovery program (Marshall Plan). EXT building with several narrow smokestacks. CU man. Row of bicycles and motorcycles under a shelter, man rides a bicycle away. Woman leans out a window, speaking. Cycling down different streets. INT men enter a room full of large stacks of wound wire. Man walks across factory floor. Upside down slate reads “DAY 28 INT 1 ECA.” Two men carefully lower a large spool of wire onto something. Damaged brick building. Ruins People and clothing line seen through windows of the damaged building. Men rebuild road, rock-filled street. Men on scaffolding. Streets, carts passing. Construction. Man on ground hoists materials to men and women on scaffolding. Woman shovels sand into a cement mixer. More new buildings under construction.

Eleanor Roosevelt visits Holland in June 1950; Marshall Plan parade

Film

EXT crowd lines the street. Motorcade. Eleanor Roosevelt beside a car shaking hands. Line of university professors in academic robes enter a building with an American flag flying over the entrance. People get out of cars, Netherlands flag in BG. INT church with crowd of seated academics. EXT Eleanor Roosevelt walking with academics, wearing hood and holding wreath and piece of paper. CU, crowd on street clapping. Parade for economic recovery (ECA) activities passes, including a band and a float of the Holland America Westerdam ship. Float of a beetle: “STAATSVIJANDA.” More parade floats, one with girls with a large heart engraved with “THANK YOU MARSHALL.” People look out of windows. Flag of the Netherlands. Band playing. CU streetlight illuminating.

1948 short fiction film by Karl Sztollar

Film

Title "Eine Tür Steht Offen" Credits: Helios-Film Wien Directed by Karl Sztollar Pictures by Julius Jonak Music by Robert Stolz Window opens to the sky. Title card reads “Eine Tür Steht Offen.” Credits over sky. Open car full of young people driving on a winding road through the hills. Two men, a woman, and a dog in the car. View out the windshield of the car. CU Smiling woman with her arm around the man. Car stops, young people pile out and run up some stairs. Scenic overlook with tables set up. Young people admire the view. Pan over the view of the city. 2:22 Young people having a picnic beside their car. Woman turns on their radio, grabs the sunglasses of her companion, and stands. She begins talking about the United States and New York City. Animation begins of New York City buildings and trains as the woman gives voiceover. City by the beach seen from distance. Animation of Hollywood, showing a camera crew filming on a beach. Images of Hollywood stars, Ronald Colman, Ginger Rogers, Bing Crosby, and Greta Garbo. Animation ends. 3:33 CU Young woman speaking. Young people discussing the United States by their car. EXT “USA INFORMATION CENTER'' building with American flags. View of the city of Linz. “UNITED STATES INFORMATION CENTER'' building on a street corner with a traffic officer in front. View of the city of Salzburg. “U.S. INFORMATION CENTER'' building with people standing out front. “U.S. INFORMATION CENTER'' building in Vienna. People exiting the building and walking under a sign with an American flag that reads “VEREINIGTE STAATEN.” Men look at a display labeled “WÄHLT DAS VOLK DER USA EINEN PRÄSIDENTEN.” Many people seated at tables covered with newspapers and books in a reading room. CU Older woman reading a newspaper. CU American magazines and newspapers including the New York Times, Life, and Seventeen. Arts and Architecture magazine. Medical journals. Art, theatre, music, photo magazines etc. Sportfolio magazine. Bookshelves full of books. People reading at tables. A woman combs her hair while looking at a picture of Rita Hayworth in a magazine. American books in English and German. A woman walking out the door holding a book. 6:19 EXT A seated middle-aged woman reads a book. A man reading. A young woman lying on the grass reading. Two boys point at a car driving past. The two boys go to the U.S. Information Center. The woman attendant finds them a magazine about Abraham Lincoln, but the boys want to know about the Lincoln car manufacturer. She finds them a different magazine and the boys thank her. “AMERIKANISCHE STUNDE” poster. Man taking measurements with a compass from a book when a woman (his wife?) puts her arm around him and shows him a magazine. The woman looks disappointed and the man returns to his measurements. 8:07 Cover of Architectural Forum Magazine of Building. CU Flipping through the magazine. Industry and machinery. Mechanical Engineering journal. Man laughs at what he is reading in the crowded reading room. Man holding a cane enters and talks to the attendant. CU Landwirtschaftliche Nachrichten aus den Vereinigten Staaten newspaper. House & Garden, Better Homes and Garden, and Good Housekeeping magazines. The attendant references a New York telephone book for a woman. Animation of a map of the United States with the Statue of Liberty. Montage of images of the United States begins. Skyscrapers. Cattle grazing. Mountain. Grand Canyon. Capitol building. Hoover Dam. Golden Gate Bridge. Industrial area. Riverboat. Alma Mater sculpture in New York City. American servicemen in an amphitheatre. Medical professionals. Beach. City. Map of the United States surrounding a map of Austria. Map of Austria with coats of arms. Coat of arms of Austria. “Ende” card. 11:44 Sequence repeats.

Edited film sequence documenting war destruction and rebuilding of life in postwar Poland

Film

EXT Camera pans across trees against the sky and then down across a cemetery. Flowers with damaged buildings in the BG. King John III Sobieski monument. CU Face of a bearded statue. 01:06 EXT Woman in black sitting on a park bench. Lit candles with a brick wall and image of the cross in the BG. Flowers. Title card reads “POWROT DO ZYCIA.” [Return to Life]. CU Street lamp. Polish soldier missing a leg and using crutches walks up a dark street. Concentration camp survivor? in striped uniform with a knapsack walks up a dark street. Street scenes of ruined buildings. Birds flying in ruins. A woman feeds the birds on the ruined street. A goat nurses her kid with a bombed out building in the BG. In the ruined street a man hoists a bucket. A little boy stacks tiles. Multiple shots of men laying bricks, shoveling, and sawing. A bucket being hoisted up. Men on scaffolding. Building with scaffolding. Finished building without scaffolding. 04:43 EXT Women sunbathing. Man diving off a high dive. Swimmers jumping in a pool. Splashing in the pool. Little girls playing with a small watering can in the pool. Many people jogging by the pool, hills in the distance. People splashing in the waves. A dog swimming. People playing in the waves with a beach and building in the BG. A building with the sign “DOM-GORNIKA” behind bushes and trees. Men playing with a ball on the beach. A woman running after the ball as it rolls away. Women walking past netting. Sequence repeats. 06:42 Train passing, people waving. CU Wheels of train. CU Women with their heads out the windows of the train. Hills and countryside, the train is passing. Man with a camera among trees, people run by behind him. People in bathing suits running on a path through the trees to a small lake. Running and splashing in the water. A woman pulling herself out of the water. A windmill and tree silhouetted against fog.

1948 documentary short on Poland (reel 2)

Film

Reel 2. Street scenes, buses, people on sidewalks. Trolley with sign reading “DWORSKA”. Inside a trolley full of passengers. View out the trolley windshield at street, people waiting to board and a policeman standing on a median. Sidewalk scenes, two men walking by with boots over their shoulders, women looking at a cart displaying wares. Boy runs by with newspapers under his arm. People stand on the sidewalk reading papers in front of a large poster with “IRENA DUNNE” headline. Newspaper stand. Funeral parade and hearse led by people carrying wreaths. Horse and cart passing on street in front of building with “DZWIGI” sign. Construction site with a man pushing a wheelbarrow. Additional street scenes of pedestrians and vehicles. People stand beside train tracks as a train passes. Men board the train and look out from the railcar door. (01:45) Factory smokestacks wreathed in steam. INTs factory, hot metal cylinder pulled from furnace. CU molten metal being poured into molds labeled “GIESCHE-ELECTROLYT.” Men shovel fuel into a furnace. Woman pours drinks from large pitcher into mugs of the factory workers. CU worker drinks from mug. Girls sort bits of metal on a conveyor belt. CU hands sorting. Girl with an earring with the sign “ODPADY” behind her. More shots of hands and girls sorting. (02:36) EXT Elevated tracks, the surface of a mine. INT Men working in a mine shaft, shoveling loads into carts. CU man using a pickaxe. Loading carts to be taken to the surface. Miners leave the shaft and come to the surface. Men walk their bikes. (03:23) Map with illustration of a factory labeled “SILESIA.” Animation of train tracks leading from the factory to the Baltic sea. Train passes camera. Building with “GDYNIA” sign. Port and ships. Coal being loaded onto a ship. LS of cranes. Men pushing a load of wood. (04:11) Some overlap with Film ID: 3004 Trolley passes in front of a clock tower and other buildings. Street and tall row houses. River lined with buildings. Unloading boat. Girls walk three in a row down a street while holding a Hitler youth flag. Polish army marches. Portraits in a window display of Polish statesmen Józef Piłsudski, Ignacy Mościcki, and Edward Rydz-Śmigły. CU of portraits of Ignacy Mościcki and Józef Piłsudski beneath a dark ribbon. More shots of portraits in shop windows. Ceremony where President Mosczieksky passes the baton to Marshall Smigly-Ridz. Polish soldiers on horseback using horses for crowd control. Polish Cardinal Hlond. Boys perched in trees to watch the parade. Polish military marches in parade. Young women wearing traditional costumes while watching. (05:54) Sky full of airplanes passing. Map of Poland with a large swastika to the West. Animation of hands coming out of swastika and grabbing Poland. Coat of arms of Poland being removed by Nazi soldiers. Airplanes in the sky. Polish propaganda posters. Polish military on horseback, using artillery, and machine guns. Tanks and trucks during the German siege of Warsaw, beginning WWII, in September 1939. Blown up bridge. People in streets, civilians helping to dig trenches. Airplanes and bombings. People sort through rubble. Several bodies of people who died in the German bombings. CU Woman cries. Woman in window with religious statue. Boy holds a birdcage amongst the rubble. Women walk through the debris and pray at the foot of a cross. People wait in line for bread. INT Hospital hallway lined with nurses tending to babies. CU babies. CU older woman crying. Nurses bandage the leg of a patient. CU boy with a bloody bandage over his eye. (08:19) View of the smoking city from the air. Fires raging. Scrolling title card with years 1940 to 1944 with flames. Map of Poland 1945. LS across the river towards ruined buildings. Damaged buildings from the street. Woman pouring from a bottle into the mug of a Soviet soldier. CU Soviet soldier drinking from a mug. Soldier holding bouquet of flowers gives a woman a kiss. Buildings in ruins. Damaged trolley. Trolley going by, full of people and decorated with wreaths. People shoveling rubble. Smiling girl holding a blanket and chatting with a soldier. Women using pickaxes to load carts on a track. Women rebuilding a railroad track. Men pulling on a rope to pull down the wall of a damaged building. Children walking in a line on a street lined with rubble. CU of children eating and drinking out of mugs. THE END over an illustration of a flag with the Polish eagle.

Train

Film

Train moves towards and then past the camera.

Polish children after WWII

Film

SEQ: Kids hold hands and dance. Parents with their child. The teacher? eats. Boys in a woodshop learn how to plane wood. Boys practice with a hand tool and push lumber through a saw. EXT children slide at a playground. Boys on a seesaw. Children play with blocks and small wooden shapes at tables indoors. They hold hands in small groups and high-step. Boy reads and eats. Textbook and magazine with a boxer on the cover. Boy enters room and takes away the magazine. The two boys begin roughhousing and leave. Man puts a child in a crib. He reads the boxing magazine and shakes his head. Woman (the mother?) arrives home. Little boy (seen earlier) opens door. Father sits at table with young child on his lap. Boy comes in and the younger child points out a mark on his cheek.

Factory operations in postwar Poland

Film

Babies at a nursery in Poland after WWII

Film

Children's hospital

Film

Young people, swimming

Film

Children and ruins in postwar Poland

Film

EXT Boy pulling cart in the street. Boys with a dog digging in rubble. Boy riding a scooter past rubble. Ruined buildings. CU Traffic officer. Traffic officer directing traffic. Building under construction. Horse drawn cart passes hauling dirt or rubble. Boys and a dog playing in rubble. Two children, a boy and a girl, walk up a street of damaged buildings as men work in the BG. Damaged buildings. Man using a pick on a damaged wall. Debris falling through a damaged building. A boy and girl walk up a street of damaged buildings. Boy and girl pick through rubble. Boy and girl on a street corner holding newspapers. Boy and girl holding hands walk towards the camera with ruined buildings in BG. Boy and girl trying to sell papers on the street corner. A man exits the building and shoos the children away. CU Papers being gone through. Children playing tag in the street. Boys running down a pile of rubble. Boys standing in the street and pointing off camera. A boy jumps off bricks. Boy standing in the street chewing something.

An American girl describes her visit to Poland

Film

Film summary from International Film Foundation promotional materials: Mary, an American elementary school girl, describes to her class her experiences in visiting her grandparents in Poland. In her own language she takes her class into a Polish school, into Polish homes, and into the fields where agricultural activities are seen. She shows them the beautiful costumes and colorful dances of the Polish people and gives her class an insight into the cities of Lowicz, Krakow, Zakopane, and Gdynia. Music by Gene Forrell, Devised by Eugene Cenkalski Film ID 3073 = 35mm black and white nitrate positive with sound Film ID 3074 = 35mm black and white nitrate silent fgm (fine grain master)

Liberating Soviet soldier

Film

Voice over in Russian. Tank driving up the street as people on either side wave. Soviet soldier with bouquet of flowers gives woman a kiss. She pours from a bottle into the mug of a Soviet soldier. CU soldier drinking. CU of man in uniform smoking.

Young boys box in Poland

Film

Two boys boxing in a ring before an audience of boys. Man waves a towel over one of the seated boxers during a break. Boxing resumes. CU boy raises arms in victory. They box and one boy falls to the ground. The other boy falls to the ground but gets up as well. One of the boys falls to the ground, dramatically tries to rise, but stays down. Winner. CU friend watches. (02:10) EXT building with sign “SWIETLICA ROBOTNICZA.” A man and a boy walk through a gate and towards a building entrance. INT boys boxing while others watch. Boxers raise gloves to the audience. CU children eating out of bowls. Instructor leads boys in exercises. The man and the boy (seen earlier) are greeted and shake hands with the instructor. Boys run and box in place. Instructor shows a boy how to hold his head and fists.

Classroom lessons, postwar

Film

Boys seated at desks in a classroom with a teacher. Boys stand up and pack up books. Two boys begin roughhousing, the teacher takes one of them by the arm and leads him away. Teacher talks to the boy while gesturing at a paper. Boy takes paper and leaves. CU, boy’s face. CU boys smiling, looking at the paper. CU boy’s feet swinging under the desk. Shot over the boy's shoulder of drawings of boxers. Teacher sees boys looking at paper during class and takes it away. CU hands holding bucket, tapping with a brush. (04:30) Woman in coat jogs across street and walks through a gate. Door with sign “ŻŁOBEK i PRZEDSKOLE.” Woman exits the gate holding a young child and is met by a man who takes the child from her. INT classroom, teacher takes away the paper with the boxing drawings from the boy. CU boys write in notebooks with pens. They tease one another. CU poster of workers with “KTO WYZEJ PODNIESIE PRODUKCJE?”.

Postwar conditions of housing and YMCAs in Europe and the Far East

Film

Credits. EXT, bridges in San Francisco and Germany. Bridges at war - soldiers and tanks, bombings. Repaired bridge in Manila in October 1946. Views of damage to buildings in Manila. Children and young people in Manila, food shortages. YMCA services. 01:06:36 Boys club meeting of the YMCA outdoors in Manila. Baseball game. Damaged Y building. INTs, woman cooking in her home; her family eats. Student accommodations. Vocational training - repairing an automobile. Boxing match. Amateur night (musical performance). 01:09:55 Cathedral in Prague. City scenes, some buildings with damage. Two men enter the YMCA building. Boys swimming in pool and playing basketball. Prison. INTs, guillotine. CU, Miloslav Kohac (?), a YMCA staff member and prisoner during World War II. He scrubs the floor. 01:12:55 HAS, Shanghai city in 1947. EXT and INT YMCA buildings. Training men with new vocations in a woodshop. Other YMCAs in China that were destroyed. Children eating at daycare centers and preschool classrooms. 01:14:43 Pile of rubble in Warsaw, Poland, children at play. YMCA building, children enter and play games. Adults eating in a cafe. Boxes of UNRRA supplies are lifted off a ship and distributed. Map animation displaying the locations of damaged YMCAs in need of repairs or young people in need of rehabilitation. Narrator explains the importance of fundraising for the World Youth Fund to help Y staff or others in need in Poland, Philippines, China, Czechoslovakia, and elsewhere, against a landscape of shots of people seen earlier in the film production.

Nazi soldiers; rally; Hitler Youth; military parade

Film

Soldiers march over a bridge. Farm scenes. Soldiers regulate crowds. Nazi rally. CUs of Hitler Youth eating, uniforms. Fighter planes fly in the sky and tanks drive through the stadium. Nuremberg is decorated for a parade. Nazi soldiers parade through town.

Train; crowds

Film

Train cuts through snowy mountains. LS, town in distance, and body of water at base of mountain. Storefront with Cyrillic sign. Crowd of people stand around a building looking at news. CUs, photographs of current events.

Rebuilding life: refugees board trains in Germany; learn English

Film

(Color) CUs, weaved crafts. 01:00:37 Displaced persons (DPs) on a transport sponsored by the IRO. DPs get off a truck with luggage and board a train. Handwriting on the side of the train says "US emigr. via Bremen." DPs lean out the windows of the train to look at the camera and talk to IRO officers. Uniformed men and women with badges stating "IRO", "US Committee", and "USCOM." DPs wave and the train departs. CU, luggage. 01:04:35 Blurry footage for three minutes with more takes of men, women, and children boarding the train. Wide views of the train station. 01:07:22 Two official men stand at a microphone next to the train and read from papers, a crowd listens. DPs hang out of the train windows and wave goodbye as the train departs. 01:08:42 A large group of adults sit outside and listen to an instructor. A young woman writes a Walt Whitman quote in English on a chalkboard. Small groups read books together outside. Multiple takes - seems staged. Young couple walks next to a building. DPs walk under a sign banner that reads "Church World Service Language Institute". 01:13:32 The students line up on the stairs outside the church as an instructor reads to them. 14:48 CU, another CWS sign, LAUF. CU, students reading. WS, CWS campus.

School

Film

EXT, school. INT, children in the classroom learning geography; pictures of buildings/bombing they drew. Different kinds of dried and canned food (supplies from abroad). Women prepare food in the school's kitchen. Students serve lunch to the rest of the class.

Tito in office; map of Yugoslavia

Film

EXT, building. INT, Tito walking into his office. He sits, smokes and looks through papers. A man walks in to show him a folder. Men meet in a large room, smoke and review papers. CU, map of Yugoslavia. Tito walks through his garden and around a sculpture, followed by a dog.

Polish YMCA: classroom, orchestra, swim team

Film

Women exit a building. CU sign "Polska YMCA". People file through a hallway looking at posters, checking their coats. Boys stand in front of a doorway. Doors open to reveal a classroom of teenagers learning the English language. Man conducts an orchestra. CUs, the listening audience. Coach instructs swim team how to dive properly. Boys swim and play around, file into a locker room.

Prelude to war in Poland; Polish army; Smigly-Rydz

Film

HAS, Polish army parading through the streets of Warsaw, the cannons are drawn by horses, tanks roll by, men sweeping debris, motorcycle troops: this is a sign/prelude to war. Massive crowds line the parade route. LS, a large number of civilians walking around on a field, there are Polish military regiments lined up along the field, buildings are visible in the distance. All the regiments were rounded up on the field and then marched from the field through Warsaw. MS of dignitaries at the reviewing stand, everyone is wearing top hats, including President Moscicki. HAS, military parade. The parade review stand, dignitaries, both military and civilian, hob-knob with each other, salute and review the marching troops, etc. Good profile shot of Field Marshall Edward Smigly-Rydz, he is flanked by the President and the Catholic official Cardinal Hlond. Soldiers marching. Crowd of young women in traditional dress lining the parade route. A woman is selling flags with the eagle crest insignia of Poland. More regiments march by the review stand while officers salute. Tracking shot of soldiers parading. Polish planes fly over Warsaw as part of the ceremonies. A courtyard, Polish dignitaries and soldiers in uniform, flags, people assembling. Cameramen document Marshall Smigly-Rydz (in profile). HAS, two men walk on the red carpet in the courtyard. Troops waiting to begin the ceremony, then entering the courtyard with rows of chairs set up for the event, reviewed by President Moscicki. MCU he tips his hat to the Field Marshall, looks very stern, does not smile. Soldiers stand at attention. Ceremony continues in the courtyard with President Moscicki, there is a bust of Pilsudski on a pedestal on the red carpet. VAR HAS of the ceremony, with motion picture and still cameramen running around to catch every angle. Photo of Polish leader displayed in shop window next to shoes. Polish cavalry crosses a stream, snowy field. HAS of the ceremony in the courtyard. MS of another shop window displaying proudly military regalia and photos of Polish leaders. Several additional shots of the ceremony with Polish troops being reviewed and marching, the arrival of Smigly-Rydz, and President Moscicki speaking. WS, official building in Warsaw. Soldiers in courtyard. Planes flying overhead. Several additional shots of the ceremony. CU, Smigly-Rydz with scepter shakes hands with another officer.

Ruins; Czech prison

Film

EXT, man hammering, a destroyed building in BG. Men work among ruins. Pancraz prison in Prague SEQ (postwar): CU of a prisoner scrubbing the floor; CU, guillotine shadow; three men stand in front of the gallows and discuss. Men work among ruins. CU profile of man who cleaned the prison floor in earlier scene. Games on a table. A woman and a young girl speak with each other in a library. Children play soccer on a snowy field.

Church; Bach Museum

Film

LS, St. Thomas Lutheran Church [this is famous Protestant church where Sebastian Bach played and led choir] in Leipzig, pigeons flying in FG, patrons enter and exit via stairwell. Nurses. Bach Museum in Eisenach, building set off street, German women conversing, Bach-Museum sign, another shot of EXT of museum.

German War Memorial in Berlin

Film

Funeral/memorial procession in Berlin, men in uniform marching in city streets, large wreath carried at front. Huge parade/military review, marching band, spectators line the streets, bus passes in BG. Guard stands with rifle in doorway German War Memorial (columned building); CU, boots. LS, small crowd gathers at memorial, building with columns seen in LS. EXTs.

Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg

Film

In Adolf Hitler Platz in Nuremberg, Germans salute/heil en masse for the Party Congress, soldiers marching in BG are barely seen, VAR shots of spectators heiling. LS, parade with flags. View of spectators in windows (some flanked with Nazi flags and flower boxes). Closer shots of parade with swastika flags, drummers, crowd saluting. Hitler arrives, salutes crowd from middle of square. More goose-stepping. Close shots of Nazi elites in uniform. In crowd, brown shirt purchases hot dog and bun from a female vendor. More LSs of Nazi elite, including Goering, Goebbels, Hess, and others standing in middle of Nuremberg's square. Movie cameras set atop automobiles. More soldiers parading, BDM walking in FG across square, crowd saluting, BDM handing out paper bags of food to official guests (seated). 01:07:09 EXT, clock tower figurines (the 7 prince electors saluting Emperor Charles V in the middle) turn at noon. Seen from rear, crowd salutes in stadium stands at the Nazi Party Rally; pan down to bookstore built in the stands. Swastika prominently displayed on church. Men salute from the stands. Men gather in front of book store to see poster advertising Bavarian clergy, including Bishop Faulhaber. In city square, swastika prominently displayed on church, crowd salutes, soldiers marching, more shots of Germans saluting. 01:09:07 Airplanes in review at Nazi Party Congress, land demonstration, cannons, etc. Crowd looks up at planes, salutes, land review, fighting, crowd. 01:10:04 Nazis with foreign diplomats/representatives (possibly Spanish & Italian fascists), VAR CUs. Marching band and soldiers parade out of tent camp where the 20,000 men camp while they march at Nuremberg, preparing food for military in tent camp, soldiers receive portions of beef in canteen.

Rebuilding Poland

Film

LS, building, pedestrians in FG, church spires, scaffolding.

The legacy of Martin Luther in Germany

Film

In Wittenberg, MS, church where Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses. Inserted title: "To the political leader, the religious doctrines of his people must be inviolable!" -Hitler in "Mein Kampf". Subsequent title: "Nazis praise, dead 400 years - but in 1938 Germany's new Luther, Martin Niemoeller, is in prison." In Eisenach, EXT, "Luther-Haus / Lutherkellar." Women on street in front of building. MS, ornate lightpost, CU, Luther tablet engraving on side of building. 01:00:34 MS, HJ boys marching in line in front of church, piles of dirt/rubble in FG. CU, inscription/art above church door. Man opening doors to church.

Warsaw ruins

Film

Horse with cart in street, snow-covered ruins of Warsaw ghetto. Pan, WS. Various views.

Men in office

Film

INT, man sitting at table, staring at wall. INT, office or apartment with two men. Poster on wall reading "Prague 17 XI 1945". Men eating bread, pointing to photographs on wall.

Warsaw in ruins

Film

CUs, men pointing to architectural drawing of building with damaged structure in BG. Men standing in ruins. WS, Warsaw in ruins. Horses/cart in FG. Men digging. Snow-covered rubble.

YMCA boys, boxing

Film

Group of boys at YMCA in shorts, smiling, boxing, rolling carpet out to box. Various shots.

Postwar damage in Poland, UNRRA, YMCA

Film

Building ruins. Polish children walking on street, woman waving from window. "Falstria" ship, truck with bundles passing in FG. Cranes, crates, laborers. CU, "UNRRA" on wooden crates. EXT, building ruins, pan down. Wooden scaffolding. Man working, pedestrians. Boys entering YMCA. CUs shell damage to building. "Polska YMCA" sign. Children climbing on pile of rubble.

Poles in apartment

Film

INT of apartment, clothing hanging on coat rack. Girl kisses mother, boy kisses mother, sick child in bed, CUs. Girl with kitten. Older man cleaning tile floor.

Postwar destruction in Poland

Film

Building rubble. HAS, boys playing soccer. Damaged buildings. CUs of engravings on arches, church, broken statue.

Postwar Poland; destruction

Film

Snow-covered and war-damaged Poland, 1946. Horse with cart, building ruins. Three men looking at architectural drawing of a shelled building, pointing to destruction in BG. CU, blueprint of building.

UNRRA supplies

Film

Boxes of UNRRA supplies from USA stacked. Ship "Falstria", bundles piled high in FG, crane, workers moving bundles. CU "US Mail" on side of bundle.

Train in German village

Film

Train, bucolic village.

Nazi Germany trims: Leica factory, ferry, Pestalozzi Froebel Kindergarten, airplanes, peasants, exhibitions, nursery, tobacco, anti-Jewish signs, Goldschmidt school

Film

TRIMS. INTs, Leica factory, various shots. 01:00:43 Fountain at industry exhibition. Crowds looking at exhibitions, including "Das Weisse Gold," "Glaswolle," yarn/textiles, boots, "Continental" tires, "Sicherheits-Glas." Man standing next to large machine. 01:02:01 Small town in Germany. LS, Leica factory, INTs. CUs, lens, laborers, on lunch break, polishing, inserting film into camera. 01:04:01 HAS, LS, German village, cathedral spires, train in FG. 01:04:09 LS, factory, smokestacks. 01:04:18 Laborers on dirt mound with pick axes and sledgehammers. CU, "Krupp" insignia. Locomotive, rail lines. 01:05:09 Hang-gliding. 01:05:16 Bicycling, city traffic. 01:05:18 Man drinking Coca-Cola. 01:05:20 Crowd entering ferry, pan up to bridge. 01:05:24 Leica factory. 01:05:45 "Zur Jugendherbergs Ausstellung" sign. "Gepaeck-Abgabe" sign. 01:05:54 Children at party, close shots. 01:05:57 Germans gathered on street, looking off screen. 01:06:06 Children eating, kindergarten. 01:06:11 Leica factory, various shots, INTs, workers, microscopes, lenses. 01:07:12 Pestalozzi Froebel Haus Kindergarten: children playing with wooden toys. 01:07:20 Horse and carriage, EXT palace (Potsdam?), tourists in FG, nuns. 01:07:45 Cathedral, pedestrian traffic, automobiles, bus. "Luther-Haus" civilians. Scenic views of the river. LSs, EXTs buildings. 01:08:24 Hang gliding. 01:08:48 Airplanes, one says "Gustav Leffers", men cleaning EXT, wings. 01:09:03 Countryside, model village, German civilians walking. 01:09:28 BDM girls with flowers, gardening. 01:09:38 Peasant farming, German family, hay. 01:10:09 [water damage to film] Queue for anti-Bolshevik exhibition. Pan, WS, building, sign across top of building, crowds lined up. 01:10:57 INT, degenerate art exhibition, DaDa inscription. Sign on EXT of building: "Entartete Kunst." Visitors entering and exiting the building. CUs, INTs, art, patrons, "Nehmen Sie Dada Ernst" on wall. Art, caricatures. 01:12:27 BDM girls, walking on country road with flag, various shots, resting, eating from canteens, reading. 01:13:32 Boat in river. 01:13:39 LS freight train, railroad tracks around mountainside. Vineyard. 01:14:18 Farming. 01:14:20 Drilling with sledgehammers on hill, smokestacks in BG. 01:15:05 Boat, LS, cathedral on riverbank. 01:15:12 Kayakers. 01:15:14 INTs, women take lessons for cooking, changing diapers, medicine. Women with kerchiefs looking over crib. 01:16:32 LS, town, houses, apartments, trees. 01:16:53 Family playing cricket. Baby in carriage. In yard, husband and wife gardening, picking flowers, hoeing. 01:17:25 Giant pipelines. Boys running in woods. Digging for pipeline, wheelbarrows, calisthenics. Geo-political lecture on hillside in Bavarian Alps. CUs, boys. Swimming. 01:19:18 Tobacco farming. 01:19:19 Autobahn, trucks. 01:19:37 Tobacco farming. 01:19:40 CU, "Juden sind hier unerwuenscht" sign appears in two views along road. 01:19:51 Totem pole. 01:19:53 Autobahn with trucks, high shots. 01:20:12 Castle ledge. 01:20:13 Cathedral 01:20:20 Marching band parading. MS, men & women marching in street, bridge in BG. "Niederlander..." sign. Crowd boarding "Hindenburg" ferry. Luggage, CUs. 01:21:07 Leica factory. 01:21:09 Sequence of Goldschmidt School, showing Margot at the blackboard writing Hebrew with her teacher, Margot Segall slides board up. Other familiar faces include Trudi Goldschmidt Thompson. Pupils at desks, recess outside, playing, entering school - MSs and CUs. Pupils at desks, Margot goes to chalkboard again.

Nazi Germany trims: HJ, wreath laying

Film

Sign "Unser gruss ist 'Heil Hitler'". Peasant and cart. Marching band in city square. Nazi (Leipzig?). Man leaning against railing over river. Books in shop window. HJ motorbike. Spectators. Wreath laying. Parade, marching band. Goosestepping. Military review. Soldier guards memorial, CU boots.

Nazi propaganda

Film

CU, book. CUs "Der Stuermer".

Nazi Party Rally in Nuremberg

Film

Crowd at Nazi party rally in stadium. Military review. Flag performance (fast motion). Formations on field, eagle/swastika. Night.

Coal mining

Film

Coal mining. 01:22:01 Ford factory, workers on break, smoking, eating. EXT, glass building. Workers gathered around car. Mining coal, Ford tower in BG. CUs, coal. On river, boats in BG. Coal workers operating pulleys.

Nazi Germany trims: Autobahn, HJ, Woolworth's, zeppelin, "Der Stuermer", exhibitions

Film

TRIMS. Signs for gasoline - "Gro Essen" and "Flug Essen." Autobahn. Mechanics. "Gesperrt" sign on Autobahn. Construction. Gas station. Construction, Nazi flags in BG. Driving on Autobahn. Mechanic working on coal/rail engine. Building construction, workers with cart. Autobahn. 01:02:12 City, HJ march in FG, church in BG. BDM girls marching street side, women on steps, gardening. Soup. Nazi poster. Autobahn. Leica factory. CUs, roof. HAS, market, vegetables, eggs. CUs, peasant woman selling wares, flowers. 01:04:06 CUs, boots. 01:04:17 Amusement park rides, spectators, children. Woolworth shop windows. Hitler posters. HJ boys looking at NS propaganda postcards. Coal. Mechanics working on engines. Building construction. WS smoke stacks, factory. Airship construction, CUs, worker. Swastika on wing of plane. HAS, planes flying overhead, Nazi party rally, air show, military review with tanks. Woman selling nuts at market, smiling at camera, pigs, potatoes at market. City street. Civilians reading "Reichsnaehrstand" poster. "Blut und Boden." Farming, digging potatoes, raking hay. Painted murals on church. INT, family eating, reading newspaper. "Kraft durch Freude" on shop window. Castle in mountains. Men leaning against railing over river. Crowd getting on ferry. Town streets. Children eating, playing in nursery, celebrating birthday party in yard. 01:11:36 Boys looking at NS posters on fence, "Der Stuermer". HJ boys, motorbike, reading. Hang gliding. 01:12:46 In city square, large crowd of civilians gathered, dancing, band, Nazi banners, tables. Crowd heiling in front of church. Huge crowd on stands in main city square, VCU church (Nuremberg? Munich?), bicycles in city streets, cafe tables. Children with backpacks walking home from school. 01:15:41 BDM marching in between large statues, CUs. Entrance to Industry exhibit. INTs, spectators looking at exhibitions, tires. 01:17:26 Children gardening, model town. Automat, stone coffee pot, street scenes, café, waiter, shop windows. HAS, church steeple. 01:19:17 Farming and farming, hay.

Children's outdoor celebration

Film

Children eating outdoors during celebration, long table, party hats. Nazi flags hang off chairs.

Church

Film

Church.

BDM

Film

BDM women with flowers at village house, EXT. 01:15:36 Automobile 01:15:38 BDM women on steps of house, gardening. Girls marching on country road, picking plums. Girls eating, performing skit, writing, eating, marching.

Berlin

Film

Pedestrians in city, dog.

Kindergarten - Pestalozzi Froebel Haus

Film

Berlin - Kindergarten scenes at the famous and historic Pestalozzi Froebel Haus, part of the Pestalozzi educational movement. Girl with baby doll, kids playing indoors with blocks, stomping down wooden slide. Nurses change babies, toddlers, beds, eating, washing dishes, cutting apples.

BDM; woodshop

Film

Sequence of four trims: 01:14:40 BDM girls running. 01:14:52 Woodshop. 01:14:55 BDM girls. 01:14:56 Woodshop.

Nursery

Film

Nurses with babies. Medicine, taking care of children.

Zinnowald Schule, Berlin

Film

Zinnowald Schule in Berlin. Girls on bicycles. INT classroom. Art class. CU, girl's drawing.

Street scenes in Berlin; Pestalozzi Froebel Haus kindergarten; Kranzler Cafe; Woolworth; telephone

Film

Streets. Exterior of large brick building: Pestalozzi Froebel Haus kindergarten in Berlin. Woman walks baby carriage, dog in middle of street, pedestrian. Outdoor café - Kranzler. Dining outside. Nazi flag hangs from building. Waitress with giant bow. Aerial shot of café, pedestrians, patrons. Street traffic, buses, trolleys, cars, people. Woolworth. Nazi posters with Hitler. 01:11:42 Above ground trains, city traffic, police officer directs traffic. Woolworth windows, storefront. 01:13:32 Women using telephone booth "Offentlicher Fernsprecher" Men putting coins into machine. CUs.

Airship construction

Film

Airship construction. Workers gather in circle.

Pupils at Goldschmidt School

Film

Classroom shots of the Goldschmidt school in Berlin, which was created when Jews were no longer allowed to enroll in public schools. Interiors with students at desks writing and a female teacher. The pupils include Stella Goldschlag, who passed as Aryan during the war and reportedly betrayed Jews in hiding, and Trudi Goldschmidt (01:05:16 the blond girl with braids in profile view), the daughter of the school's founder, Dr. Leonore Goldschmidt. Outside the school during recess, students play and move around the yard before returning to the classroom. Good CUs of teenage boys and girls as they enter the school up the stairs, including Ellen Rosenthal. Inside, Margot Segall, the girl in a plaid dress, approaches the blackboard and conjugates the Hebrew verb "to ask". A male teacher helps her.

Trade school in Berlin

Film

Trade school in Berlin. Woodshop, airplanes. CU, blond boy.

Airship construction

Film

Scientists/engineers in airship/Zeppelin hangar, working, massive steel. INT, airship. CUs, workers' shoes. Elevator. Men working.

Goldschmidt School

Film

Goldschmidt School. Hebrew on chalkboard. Teacher and Jewish girl. Girls in class at desk. Packing book bags.

Amusement park

Film

Windows of houses. Street sign: "Theodor von der Pfordten Str." Amusement area, building: "Im Gelsheimer Krug". Train trolley, Germans eating. Castle in mountains, train in FG, river, fast train, mountainside.

German countryside, village

Film

Bucolic lake countryside. Mountains, village dirt road, church, people walking with umbrellas, bicycles, cows. Sailboats, taking down sails.

Nazi Germany trims: HJ, propaganda

Film

TRIMS. Books/programs in shop window, including "Mein Kampf", atlas. 01:03:07 HJ boys and motorcycles, eating. Uniforms/gear on street. Eating, look at NS propaganda, postcards with Hitler at street vendor, eating. CUs, boots. Bread. Reading, bicycles, gear, band equipment, uniforms with swastika armbands, eating, trombone, reading paper. Note: J.Bryan's film lecture, "Germany 1937," identifies this location as Friedrichshafen, as boys returned from the Nuremberg Party Congress.

Refugees on ship, arriving in US

Film

"Bryan" chalked on makeshift slate. Ship - General Black. "America Welcomes its New Citizens" Ship full with people at sea.

DPs in train station

Film

Man holding "Bryan" slate. Train. SG awards, spectators gathered. DPs with tags walk with luggage off train in line. Women, children, families. CUs, feet as they pass. One with guitar. MSs, CUs children boarding ship. Queue, checking tags with numbers. More shots, families getting off trains. Good views.

Nazi Party rally at Nuremberg

Film

The 1937 Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day) at Zeppelin Field in Nuremberg. Grand views of the decorated stadium with thousands of participants and spectators. Flags. Adolf Hitler greets the crowd from an open car. BDM girls in the stands, many heiling with hands outstretched. Nazis march past Hitler. Military review of airplanes and tanks.

DPs at Bremerhaven port

Film

Boat dock, Bremerhaven port. "Meet the first DPs" "Ship to Freedom" Numbers on tags pinned to coats of refugees. Suitcases, boarding ship, shots on board ship, ship leaves port.

Coal industry in Germany

Film

Boats in river, barge. Coal. Dumping coal into truck with crane.

Hitler Youth

Film

HJ, motorcycle. Boys reading newspaper, eating, trombone, equipment & uniforms on the street.

BDM girls

Film

Girls at school, on porch, gardening, bread, milking goat.

BDM: exercise; marching on roadside

Film

Entire clip intercut with titles, beginning with "Education in Germany today". BDM girls exercising in a circle, running, and practicing the javelin throw. Younger girls walk along a country road in Saxony, stake a flag, eat lunch, read, nap, and perform silly skits. According to a transcript of Bryan's film lecture on Nazi Germany in the U.S. in 1938, this is a country road from Nurnberg to Dresden in Saxony. This particular compilation of trims may have been compiled for screening at one of Bryan's public lectures.

Couple visits estate

Film

Couple walks up a driveway to an estate in the Polish countryside. People and dog walk about the property (hunting party?). CU, man with a cane speaks to a peasant woman.

Warsaw 1936

Film

City scenes from moving tram, police officer. Well-dressed Polish civilians moving about the city, crossing the street, traffic, looking into shop windows at women's fur fashions. Posters affixed to pillar, one reads: "Chaplin." Woman selling flowers.

Catholic church celebration and schoolhouse in central Poland

Film

Polish country scenes, horse-drawn wagons, farmer. MCU of road sign "Zduny 6 km, Lowicz 17km." Preparations for the Easter holiday. Townspeople are dressed in traditional, central Polish folk costume. People are transported in the back of a wagon, riding bicycles, walking to church. General activity surrounding the day's religious festivities. Two young girls in traditional dress, walking towards church, horses with wagons parked in the town square, a young girl with a full head of curly blonde hair that is being braided and combed by her mother and her sister. Church. VAR, EXTs of the elaborate procession. 01:16:44 EXT of newly constructed school house and the schoolyard. INTs of schoolhouse with kindergarten age children after performing on a small stage, sitting at tables with their teacher, drawing. INT, posters. VAR, children learning grammar, studying, using an abacus, etc. EXT, girls play dodgeball in the school courtyard, all are in traditional peasant dress, with large, full skirts and scarves cover their heads. More country scenes, peasant women, farmers picking potatoes, tilling the soil, farm equipment. Comic scene with an older man at a grain mill driven by a horse. Quick shot of a farmer filling a horse drawn wagon with hay. Back to the comic scene, the man is seated on the ground, the arm of the mill that the horses are churning comes closer and closer to his head until it knocks his hat off, a quick series of CUs of this action, the man smiles for the camera.

Destruction and rebuilding in Poland circa 1946; country life in Poland, circa 1939

Film

Children playing in the rubble in the streets of a destroyed, unidentified city. It may be Danzig, it may be Warsaw, or it may be another Polish city. Bricks from fallen buildings are piled high alongside the street, children pick up sticks and whatever they can find and play with the bricks. Vs of the countryside, a pointed roof house, ducks and geese swimming in a pond, men driving tractors across a field (probably in1946 - see notes field). VS of the fields being plowed. CU on the men driving the tractors, the wheels of the machine, etc. EXT, back in the city, a sign on the corner of a building reads: "YMCA", with an arrow pointing in the direction of the YMCA. More shots of destroyed buildings, piles of rubble, young boys clearing up more rubble as men, women and children walk through the streets. Two Polish soldiers walk boy carrying paper parcels under their arms. EXT of the "Polska YMCA", men, women and children enter the building. INT, young boy in a tattered scout uniforms and other tattered clothing put together a puzzle, others play with a model airplane. EXT: snow covers the ground, more destroyed buildings, quick cut to the blueprints for a building. EXT: women sit on folding chairs and wooden crates outside the door to a building, they are beggars. People give them money and they smile for the camera. EXT: a cemetery, several people are in the cemetery laying flowers on graves. A large memorial, Polish soldiers burying their war dead, line up alongside coffins of their fallen comrades, a priest blesses the coffins. The men pass white wooden crosses down the line of soldiers; these crosses will soon mark the graves they are digging. The coffins are put into the ground. EXT: cows in a pasture, a few quick shots of peasant.

German siege of Warsaw, Poland 1939; CUs of Poles

Film

Warsaw, Poland 1939, the German siege of the city. LS, a man walks down a deserted city street lined with buildings that are crumbling as a result of the German air raids the camera pans right to capture more of the destruction to individual buildings. CU a Polish propaganda poster encouraging the Poles to fight back against the invading German armies, depicted as a large hand and a swastika. LS, more destruction. A city street is blocked off by a train that has derailed in the center of the street. A Polish soldier stands guard while several civilians help to dig ditches and build barricades. MLS, Polish civilians drag dead horses off the street. Ten men are needed to harness and remove one horse from the road. CU, a fire burning in rubble, a neighborhood destroyed by the German air attacks. Men and women, residents of the area mill about in the debris, gathering what they can salvage from the wreckage. MS, filed on the outskirts of Warsaw where a woman lies dead in the field, caught off guard by German planes while she was picking potatoes. Two women walk past her, her head is covered with a basket, the two women look briefly at the camera, then again at the body, they point to something out of frame, and then move on. Another woman approaches the body then continues on. MS, the camera pans the body again, that Julien Bryan has identified in his book "Siege," a young boy sits on the ground near the body leaning on a burlap sack of potatoes, a destroyed farmhouse is visible in the BG. VS, women and children working the land in the field near the site of the attack, they continue to dig up potatoes. MS, Julien Bryan in the center of the frame, surrounded by a group of Polish civilians who have survived an air attack on their homes. The camera pans the scene of the destruction as Bryan listens intently as a man recounts what happened at the site. MS, a woman continues to explain the attack. CU, an elderly, emaciated woman tells her story directly to the camera. VS of the women recounting the events. Excellent CUs of the Polish people. The footage cuts back to the potato field on the outskirts of Warsaw, two women are crying as they look on the body of the dead women, whose younger sister has now appeared to claim her, the young girl, Kazimiera Mika, kneels beside the body crying helplessly. Cut back to a scene of people kneeling outside of a destroyed church and praying. A credit now appears that reads "THE END." This credit belongs to the film "Siege."

Warsaw and Danzig, Poland, destruction and rebuilding circa 1946

Film

Bombed out multi-story YMCA building in Warsaw, Poland. Several workers chip away at the concrete structure, others collect and stack bricks from the rubble. Another worker examines window frames for damage. (This footage likely dates to 1946 - see notes section for further information). MS, low angle, a man and a woman walk down a bombed out street in Warsaw, toward the camera, snow covers the ground. VS of the destruction in the city, civilians mill about the streets, with torn, threadbare clothing, there are some Polish military personnel in these shots as well. Poles board a street car, young children purchase flowers from a street vendor. INT: men and boys inside what seems to be YMCA club-they are in a café, reading newspapers in English and Polish, and drinking. EXT: low angle a view of the bombed out Deutsche Bank building. The camera pans the sign, and then cuts to another building, also damaged. EXT: the locations shifts to Danzig: where we see more destruction of that city, along the canals, etc. CU of a bombed out building in Danzig with German signage above the entrance. Scenes at the port in Danzig they echo Julien Bryan's 1937 footage shot in this city, however now the entire port is in ruins. The banks along the canal are crumbling. INT: Young Polish boys play checkers at a shelter/community center in Warsaw and read "Zycwe Warszawy", CU on checkerboard with pawns in play. The boys compare stories in the newspapers; the camera focuses on a political cartoon of a man with a caption underneath him that reads: "Pacifista". Three boys put a puzzle together in the corner of a room, seated at a round wooden table. Scene quickly cuts to INT, high angle, a warehouse that is storing UNRRA supplies. Two men go through wooden crates and hand out clothing and home supplies to women and children. INT: boys playing board games and pool. INT: young women are lead in a series of calisthenics in a large gymnasium. The instructor is male. VS, close-ups on the various young women as they perform their exercise routine.

Market square in Krakow, circa 1936

Film

VS, market square in Krakow, fruit and flower vendors hawk their wares. LS of a row of covered market stalls. VS of buildings in the city. A group of young women on a tour of one of the buildings. All are in uniform. LS of the courtyard of an ornately designed building that may be an art school, according to Julien Bryan's original shot lists. At 01:13:07:15 the scene in Krakow ends, followed by 18 seconds of an outtake from the staged scenes of a Polish peasant family.

Krakow Jewish quarter; business district

Film

Two orthodox Jews arguing in the street in the Jewish quarter of Krakow at the main market square at the intersection of ul. Sw. Jana and the Rynek Glowny. They lean close to each other in a heated conversation at the door. Street scene in the business district in Krakow, many pedestrians, kiosk, people looking at bookshop/newssatand window. Man walking around with a sign advertising the film premiere of the 1936 American film, and Oscar winner, "Anthony Adverse." Scenes of shops and shop windows, crowded streets full of men, women, children, baby carriages, automobiles, etc. A quick cut to St. Mary Church in the old market square in Krakow and fruit market. In Jewish quarter, Orthodox Jewish men, traditionally dressed, yeshiva boys, horse cart driving away. Poster advertising comedians Dzigan and Schumacher in the BG - the show was on display from May to November 1937.

School children in south central Poland, circa 1936

Film

INT, CU of a man wearing a uniform with an elaborate hat, a fez with a large plume and a metallic embroidered emblem in the center of a hammer and anvil. He slowly removes the hat. Cut to a CU of a framed painting of a woman or man in medieval dress, holding a chalice in one hand and a sword in the other (biblical painting?). Zinc quarry with a CU of a worker drilling into the rock. EXT, MLS, two nuns lead a group of kindergarten age children from a schoolyard onto the street (a rural dirt road). The children file out and smile at the camera. INT, MS, inside the classroom, the young children area seated around a table, stringing beads as a nun walks around the table monitoring their activity. VS of the children engaged in their classroom activities. INT, MS, a one room apartment, a woman at the stove. VS, of the woman with her family, husband and two children in the kitchen area of the room. The young boy adjusts the knob on a radio, the father sits at the table waiting for his food, and the girl sits on the bed until the mother calls everyone to the table for soup. EXT, CU of a young girl talking to a young boy, it seems to be the same boy and girl that were just featured in the dinner table scene. The girl turns to look at the camera.

Daily life in south central Poland, circa 1936

Film

EXT, VS depicting daily life in south central Poland, near the town of Katowice. Young children, women and men in traditional central Polish dress with large hoop skirts, head scarves, and woven blankets/shawls. The women walk down a dirt road in the village past rows of small houses. The men gather together, talk, and smoke, etc. The men harness their horses to a cart, an old woman gets in the cart, and it drives away. VS, several CUs of the faces of the villagers. Lfe in this farming community, young children playing, men getting water from the central well, a young girl riding a bicycle, etc.

Zinc refinery in Katowice, Poland, circa 1936

Film

Scenes from the Giesche Zinc mine and refinery in Katowice, Poland, circa 1936. VS, INT near the furnaces, women sorting ore before it is smelted, the conveyor belt from the mine shaft, the molten ore being poured into molds. 01:02:06 Workers' jackets hanging from the ceiling of the factory near the light fixtures. EXT, LS, workers exiting the factory, some get on their bicycles others leave on foot. Many workers are young, and smile for the camera. INT, workers filling the molds used for the molten zinc ore. EXT, LS of the countryside in south central Poland. VS of the rural village and the inhabitants. Woman in traditional central Polish folk dress, carrying a basket of flowers walks along a dirt road. EXT, LS, zinc refinery smokestacks are seen in the BG from behind a row of small homes, most likely the factory worker's homes. Gardens and fallow fields are visible in the FG. EXT, LS, unknown location, a large brick multi-story building on a street corner, ducks are walking about on the lawn in front of the building. MCU, children look out a window from the brick building and catch the gaze of the camera. EXT, LS, zinc refinery, ducks are visible waddling across the lawn in the BG.

Georgia, Caucasus Mountains, circa 1933

Film

Peasants baking bread, harvesting grain, going about their daily lives in this rural, mountainous region. This footage is stunning. Julien Bryan himself is featured in this footage. He traveled at this time with the noted anthropologist Maurice Hindus and a group of Princeton University students on a journey through Russian villages. Several of the students can also be seen in this sequence. They traveled with local guides, with horses and mules through the mountains. VS of their local guides, the mountains, children and women in the villages, sifting grain and baking flatbread, local men herding goats on the mountainside. Julien Bryan and one of the locals try to learn each other's language by writing down words and letters and exchanging pieces of paper. VS, beginning with a MCU of a pig and her suckling young. Good views of the traditional dwellings that are built into the mountainside, getting water at the local well. The sequence ends on a charming scene of two young boys eating fresh picked cherries from their baskets, their mouths are covered with cherry juice, as they continue to eat the fruit and smile for the camera. ** This reel has an incorrect title, because the can for this reel was mislabeled; this is actually footage from the early 1930s, shot in Georgia, in the Caucasus Mountains.

Street scenes in Latvia, circa 1937

Film

Street scenes, streetcars, bicycles, automobiles, people on the move, traffic cop in busy intersection at the crossing between the Old Town and the Freedom Monument Plaza in Riga, Latvia. 01:00:35 The Latvian Freedom Monument, the letters inscribed on the monument read: TEVZEMEI UN BRIVIBAI [To Fatherland and Freedom], a soldier stands guard at the base, pan up the same monument to the statue of a woman holding 3 gold stars above her head. This is the Freedom Monument in old town Riga. Side street with a view of Riga Town Hall Square, a woman is cleaning the street with a hose and water. LS of the river Daugava and ships docked at the Riga Commercial Port. Riga Castle (the President’s palace). 01:01:32 LS of Riga Old Town from the Stone Bridge with trolley and pedestrian traffic, St. Peter’s Church in the BG, closer shots of civilians walking across the bridge. Men review “Subscriptions and Advertisements” for a local newspaper. Man on a pay phone outside of Agrobank of Latvia, VS, CUs of the man on the phone. Street scenes, daily life, with the candy factory, “Laima” shop.

Street scenes in Danzig, circa 1937

Film

Danzig, street scenes: streetcars, buses, supply trucks, shops, civilians going about their daily routines. 01:04:12:00 LS of trolley traveling down tracks in the center of the street. Nazi insignia and flags are visible everywhere, in every window of every building, most buildings have multiple flags displayed; continues with more street scenes of the entire street full of Nazi flags and banners. CU of sign for Adolf Hitler Strasse. MS of Hitler Youth, three young boys pose for the camera and smile; more shots of all the Nazi banners, stormtroopers, etc; 01:06:17:24 MCU of sign that reads: "1937 Kreisparteitag Langfuhr" large field being prepared for a Nazi party rally. A large Nazi insignia is being constructed of wood at one end of the field. A crowd of people wait to enter an unidentified location. VS of the docks of Danzig, horses being loaded onto ships. VS of boats in the harbor, a captain aboard his ship, etc.

German siege of Warsaw, Sept. 1939

Film

The first days of September 1939, Warsaw, Poland under siege: MCU of German soldiers who are prisoners of the Poles, talking, smoking, cutting one cuts another's hair. It is believed that the soldier who is seated in the shot is a German Jewish soldier, according to Julien Bryan's accounts of this footage. This is NOT a confirmed fact. VS of destruction; people climbing over rubble, looking for their belongings that may remain in the wreckage of their homes. A young boy with a pet canary in a cage that survived the bombings. CUs of the dead and wounded. A woman plants a memorial of branches and twigs at a makeshift grave. LS of a plaza in Warsaw, two men with armbands walk across the plaza.VS of the streets, people gathering in doorways, talking to each other, unsure of what will happen next. 01:10:53:16: children and women gathered in a doorway, quick cut to more rubble, several quick shots of refugees looking bewildered; CU of an overturned pushcart; civilians talk and point nervously with soldiers; citizens brigades in the street standing guard;CUs of posters, anti-German propaganda. A very quick shot of refugees walking toward a large municipal building with all of their bundles, civic buildings were now serving as shelters. LS of citizen soldiers; people filing into a large building; VS from a rooftop to the street below: busy street, Red Cross bus drives down the tram tracks in the middle of the street; young boy handing out leaflets; streams of men with their belongings. 01:13:15:22 people in the streets looking nervously over their shoulders as they go about their daily tasks worrying when the next attack will come. 01:13:25: INT, church sequence: church in Warsaw that has been damaged by German bombs (under-cranked, low light).01:13:51:15: Sandbagged corner building in Warsaw. MS, women, children, and soldier on the street, a mother fixes her child's hair; LS, from rooftop of a large bomb induced crater. VS in and around the crater that is surrounded by people and soldiers surveying the damage.

Folk dancing in Zakopane, Poland 1936

Film

Folk dancing in Zakopane, Poland, 1936. A group of male and female folk dancers perform a series of circle dances in full costume in an open field. It seems to be an exhibition, staged for a small local audience or perhaps simply for Julien Bryan and his camera crew. Bryan did film several circle dances throughout his travels, as a sort of comparative study of folk dances throughout the world.

Catholic procession in Lowicz, Poland, 1936 and wedding in city

Film

Lowicz, Poland, 1936: Preparations for a religious holiday. MS, young girl with a full head of curly blonde hair that is being braided and combed by her mother and her sister in preparation for the ceremony. The entire town seems to be taking part in the celebration. VS of the elaborate celebration. The scenes inside the church seem to under cranked, causing the scenes to move at a faster than normal speed. INT church shots end at 01:09:36. EXT, VS of the procession through town. 01:10:41 Brief cut to a different location, probably a city. Bride and groom exit an automobile and enter a church. The bride is wearing a striped woolen skirt characteristic of the area around Lowicz, Poland. Most of the women and men are dressed in more contemporary clothing, men with ties and hats. CU of the bride and groom entering the church, the groom takes off his hat, and guests follow. 01:10:52 Return to Lowicz with high angle shot of the festivities for Easter Sunday. Townspeople are dressed in traditional, central Polish folk costume. Townspeople riding bicycles, horse drawn wagons, etc.

German siege of Warsaw, Sept. 1939

Film

Warsaw, Poland 1939: Refugees on the streets of Warsaw, VS of people in the immediate aftermath of a German air raid. CU: a young woman is very uncomfortable with the camera on her, she holds her hand to her face, her expression is between a smile and despair, she is trying to remain composed for the camera. MS, a woman carries a bundle of all of her belongings wrapped in a blanket on her back as she flees from her neighborhood on the outskirts of Warsaw's city center that has been under attack by the Germans. 01:12:17: Dead horse, covered in lime, being dragged from the middle of the street by a group of men. VS of the dead horse, very unpleasant to look at, a symbol of the agony of the city. Polish refugees on the move, several families, VS of men, women and children, against the backdrop of a crumbling city, many are heading to makeshift shelters after their homes have been destroyed. 01:13:33 Julien Bryan with the people of Warsaw, standing in the rubble with them, a crowd gathers and they are all cheering for him, shaking his hand, giving him food, etc, Bryan smiles somewhat awkwardly and turns for a moment to the camera. NOTE THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THE SPEED OF THE FILM HERE. THIS SHOT IS RUNNING AT SLOWER SPEED, MOST LIKELY THE CAMERAMAN WAS OVERCRANKING THIS SHOT. BRYAN DID NOT HAVE HIS USUAL CAMERA CREW WITH HIM ON THIS TRIP. THE CAMERA IS MOST LIKELY IN THE HANDS OF AN INEXPERIENCED CAMERA OPERATOR. BRYAN HAD A POLISH INTERPRETER AND ASSISTANT ASSIGNED TO HIM BY THE MAYOR OF WARSAW. 01:14:35: More scenes of the wreckage in Warsaw; bombed out rail cars, smoldering power lines, destroyed market, etc. A soldier surveys the wreckage at the rail yard. VS of soldiers walking through wreckage. VS of the destroyed hospital in Warsaw.

Schoolhouse and countryside in Zlakow Koscielny, Poland 1937

Film

Zlakow Koscielny, Poland (near Lowicz) 1937: images of small town life in this central Polish town. INT: kindergarten age children playing and performing a circle dance on a small stage under the direction of their teacher. VS, children studying, EXT of newly constructed school house and the schoolyard. Images cut back and forth between school children and townspeople going about their daily routines. EXT: girls play dodgeball in the school courtyard, all are in traditional peasant dress, with large, full skirts and scarves cover their heads. One girl is barefoot and has her head uncovered revealing two long braids. Excellent footage of the girls playing. 01:03:55:00: INT MCU of a male instructor at a blackboard. VS of women farming, horse drawn wagons full of hay. 01:05:36:28: MCU of road sign" Zduny 6 km, Lowicz 17km. More country scenes, peasant women, farmers picking potatoes, tilling the soil, picking and cleaning turnips (the turnips are very large), a young boy and his father sit in a pile of turnips cleaning them and preparing them for market; alternates between the scenes of farming and INTs of schoolhouse with children studying, using an abacus, learning grammar, etc. Comic scene with an older man at a grain mill that is being driven by two horses, the man is seated on the ground, guiding the horses andd the arm of the mill that the horses are churning comes closer and closer to his head until it knocks his hat off, a quick series of CUs of this action, the man smiles for the camera. This footage is beautifully rendered and paints a very charming and peaceful portrait of life in this region circa 1936/37. The images of the children are particulary touching.

Street scenes in Warsaw, 1936

Film

Warsaw: Architecture, establishing shots, statues, etc. VS: A building with ornate detailing and bas relief designs and embellishments on it.MS: a woman feeding bread to pigeons, an open square, people move through the area. Different angles on the same square. INT, a dark vestibule in a building, a woman enters and a man exits the building to the bright light of day. The open doorway is the only illuminated part of the shot. Return to the town square, then to surrounding streets, balloon vendor, shops, etc. LS of a palace in Warsaw.

Nightlife; entertainment; park in Warsaw, 1936

Film

A sequence shot in the Warsaw nightclub "Adria". VS of the crowd, the bandstand and stage with dancers performing. Patrons dancing on a revolving stage, lively scenes of musicians and patrons enjoying themselves for the evening. The first band is the Franciszek Witkowski group. MCU, daylight scene- a park in Warsaw, a toddler wheels around a baby in a carriage. VS of baby carriages and families in the park. MS, a woman boarding a bus at a bus stop in Warsaw. MS, a horsedrawn carriage passes a palace in Warsaw. The same building is seen in RG-60.4156, on USHMM Film ID 3015 but in LS.

Marshall Smigly-Rydz and President Ignacy Moscicki

Film

A courtyard, rows of chairs set up for an event, Polish soldiers in uniform, flags. Soldiers stand at attention, watching more people assemble, someone sweeps a red carpet, the courtyard fills, pressmen jump around, receiving line is ready, motion picture cameras and still cameras, cameramen running around to catch every angle as dignitary begins to review the troops. Polish planes fly in formation overhead. Arrival of Smigly-Rydz. 01:14:35:16 MCU he tips his hat, looks very stern, does not smile. Ceremony continues, he passes on the scepter to President Ignacy Moscicki, there is a bust of Pilsudski on the red carpet on a pedestal. White horses, Polish cavalry in their Pilsud hats, etc . VS, streets of Warsaw: shops windows are decorated for the important dignitaries, photos, ribbons, military regalia: the entire city of Warsaw celebrates and venerates their leaders.

Nazi Germany outtakes: Nuremberg Rally, Army Day; Cologne Cathedral; trains

Film

Highlights of this reel of decomposed footage include: Army Day at Nuremberg Nazi Party rally; Cologne cathedral; night time stadium performances in Nuremberg; army cook preparing food for the crowds; youth flight club launching a glider; scenes of the Obersalzburg and its passengers on an airstrip; trains moving through the countryside.

Daily life in Warsaw, 1936

Film

MLS: town square, women and children are walking through the square. CU of bas relief sculptures on buildings, and a Jewish shop right below in this ornate building. CU of a street vendor blowing up a balloon. Warsaw: VS: park, statues, monument, women out strolling with their babies in fancy carriages. More street scenes, activity, shops, etc. MLS of trolley car as it approaches the camera, the sign on the car reads to Dworska Street.

Funeral; construction, daily life in Warsaw, 1936

Film

A Christian funeral procession of an unidentified individual through Warsaw, several people walk behind the horse drawn carriage that carries the casket, the pallbearers are in elaborate uniforms. MS construction site in Warsaw, multi-story apartment buildings are going up, the foreman in a dark coat barks orders to all of the workers laying the concrete. MCU, kiosk featuring various newspapers.

Trims Nazi Germany 1937: Goldschmidt school brochure; Bryan's passport; Nazi propaganda

Film

Sequence of outtakes. VS, CUs of a brochure for the Goldschmidt Jewish School in Berlin, Germany. CU of a piece of zinc ore in someone's hand as they demonstrate the contours of the rock. CU of a propaganda poster with Hitler and past German leaders. CU of Julien Bryan's passport from his travels through Europe. He flips through page by page. CU of someone holding the newspaper DER STUERMER, featuring Anti-Semitic propaganda and caricatures of Jews on the front page. Several CUs of various pages of the paper, one showing caricatures of the Soviets, the Brits, etc. Ends on a CU of a caricature of a Jew.

Street scenes in Cracow 1936

Film

A large barge on the Vistula River in Cracow, Poland, workers are barely visible on the barge, steering it around the river bank's edge. People visible along the banks in the BG. VS of Wawel Castle and architectural details; a man and women atop a vantage point on the castle looking down at the river below, more barges; VS of buildings viewed from the river, very picturesque. MS main marketplace. Schoolgirls marching along in uniform, and singing while carrying Nazi flags, VS, including one LS that follows the girls from behind and out of frame after they march past the camera.

Street scenes, Danzig, Poland 1936

Film

MCU of two women, seen from behind viewing the merchandise in the window of a corset shop. All signage is in German. Two young girls look at an umbrella display in a shop window; shots from inside the women's clothing store to the street and people outside reflected in the windows. VS, along the water, views of the banks along the Baltic Sea; MS, traffic cops, men loading large bags onto ships. More street scenes in Danzig, men's clothing store with men doing some window shopping. High angle shot of newspaper boys on a busy street. Good scenes of daily activity.

Nazi Germany 1937: Hitler Youth girls on a country road; BDM; farming

Film

Sequence of outtakes. BDM girls place flag in ground, write letters. Landscape with ploughed fields, oxen and cart. Road with BDM girls, marching and singing with banner. CUs faces, braids, white blouses. While resting at roadside two girls perform a singing act for the camera, flirtatious, very animated. Others seated, write in diaries, then march on. Ages range from 8 to 12, most in braids or bobbed hair. BDM girls eating, with group leader, CU BDM flag, reading magazine, resting. Antiquated shaking threshing machine. CUs hay. Farmers working. Note: J.Bryan's film lecture, "Germany 1937," describes this as "country road from Nurnberg to Dresden in Saxony showing German school girls in Hitler youth movement. (No Jews permitted)..."

Berlin street scenes; memorial ceremony; coal

Film

Sequence of outtakes. Park in Berlin, several people walk by, people sitting on wooden benches in the park, a child plays as an older woman looks on. CU of signs: Top: Citizens are asked to keep their dogs on leash. Bottom: "Die gelben Baenke sind fuer Jueden." [The yellow benches are for Jews.] VS of the park, but none that show the sign in context of park. (Olivaerplatz near Kurfuerstendamm) LS Airship hangar. Memorial for the fallen, Berlin. MS, Crowds assembled along the street. Wreath laying ceremony for Nazis (rainy day/overcast). Procession with dignitaries and military officers. Military band marches past. Troops with rifles and packs goosestep to monument. Honor guard with bayonets approaches mausoleum, with six large fluted columns. CU, guard, boots. Civilians walking in and out of the area. WS of the monument and uniformed men moving away from memorial. Onlookers, small crowd. Berlin street. Man reads sign posted by entrance to building, woman walks in front of the sign while walking her dog. The sign reads "Der Botschaft der Union der S.S.R. in Deutschland" [The Embassy of the USSR in Germany]. Also seen, repeated in Cyrillic. Shots of city plaza, facade of modern building. Views of streets and cars moving along. LS, entrance to mansion (embassy?) guarded by soldier with rifle. Signpost: "Wilhelmplatz" and "Wilhelmstrasse." LS: Autobahn construction: large crane, digger and dirt, rocks for construction, workers. VS: Berlin, Germany: public telephone booth, ornate facade of building in BG. Man standing under a tree near a phone booth. Sign on phone booth reads: "Fernsprecher" [long distance] and has a stamp dispenser. Activity in and around the booth. A man enters, aware of the camera, sign inside booth; "Fasse dich kurtz!" [Be Brief!].

Linz and Salzburg, Austria, 1948

Film

VS in Linz, Austria: trolley cars, street scenes, etc. MCU people look at the camera as they board a street car. Street cars, motorcycles, bicycles, traffic cops. CUs at 01:22:00:00 of posters advertising film screenings and other events. Date on poster is August 1948. The film being advertised is called "Spuk" it is a joint US-AUSTRIA production, more posters for Folk festivals, and other events in September 1948, and another for "Funk Film." 01:22:23:20 Location switches to Salzburg, Austria. LS of the United States Information Center from across the street from this building, then moves in to CUs of the building, and the window display that features promotions for the 1948 Summer Olympics. CUs of young Austrian boys looking at the advertisements. A man looks intently at the weight-lifting photos; young men look at the information, CU on dollar amount totals of monies spent to rebuild Austria, etc, and plans for monies to be spent for this effort through March of 1949; maps; children reading the materials; a man in CU looking at a photo of Harry Truman.

Degenerate Art Exhibit [Entartete Kunst] in Munich, 1937

Film

Sequence of outtakes. INTs of the 1937 Munich exhibition of "Degenerate Art" [Entartete Kunst] in the Archaeological Institute, not far from the house of German Art. Visitors inside the exhibition are seen looking at art in Room 3, including Otto Dix's "War Cripples" on the north wall (CU). Paintings and sculptures located on the west and south walls of Room 3 are also shown. Views of visitors and the art exhibited are to some extent different from that seen on Nazi Germany reels at the Library of Congress.

Daily life in Russia, children at play

Film

Russian children playing along a river that is frozen over. They are play fighting with each other and skating around on the frozen water. One boy has dug a hole through the ice and is searching for something in the water, the other boys gather round. Play sequence continues until 01:12:47:00 where the subject shifts to scenes of the rural countryside, the camera pans landscape: establishing shots, subject returns to children on the river playing and pretending to be sword fighters.

Linz, Austria, 1948

Film

Austrian footage, c. 1948 in Linz, a factory town where several DPs were put to work and began rehabilitation postwar. Scene of men leaving the factory on bikes, some women, some children, and several Austrians (non DPs) are in the group as well. Another group of men walking from the factory, at the gate, exiting the factory grounds, there is a guard who checks them as they exit. Truckloads of workers also exit the factory- they are all seated in open military style supply trucks.VS, EXTs the factory in Linz, smoke stacks, etc. INT of the factory: men at work, VS. A rail car pulls up to the station. Metal is being cast, shots of the molten metal. VS, barges on a river, train heading toward the camera, then moving away from camera, factory sequence and pan of Austrian hillside.

Daily life in Russia, children at play

Film

Children playing in the snow in Russia, exact location needs to be verified. Great shots of the children with their sleds, some on ice skates, etc. 01:02:15 MCU of 10+ children on sleds, getting ready to go down a hill in tandem, they start the line up and just keep going, very playful shots. CUs of young girl smiling at 01:02:33, then boy, then group of children.

Russian Christian Orthodox church service

Film

EXT, LS of unidentified factory, quickly cuts to an INT scene in an orthodox church whre people receive communion, exact location and date, as well as the reason for the service are unknown; images of Russian iconography. EXT, church procession, large crowds are gathered outside the church. This is a different location and church than the church featured in the first scene of this story. 01:07:23:25 CU of a bearded Russian Orthodox priest reading from a book of scripture outside the church, the pages of the book are blowing in the wind. VS, several angles on the priest and the congregation outside in the cold and snow. The camera pans a sea of Russian peasant woman's faces; many are making the sign of the cross.

Russian Jewish religious services

Film

Rebuilding Jewish life after the war in Russia. Two rabbis put away Torah scrolls and pull a curtain with an embroidered Star of David closed. CUs of individual Jewish men praying. A larger group of men in prayer shawls gather for a service, and a cantor sings toward the end of the sequence. The exact location, date, and purpose of the religious service are unknown.

Street scenes in Warsaw, 1936

Film

Two biplanes fly overhead, quickly returns to a scene of a large plaza, people milling about. VS, Warsaw street scenes, an occasional peasant is visible in the crowd, but for the most part they are all well-dressed city folk. CU of tram stop at 01:13:03:15: "PRZYSTANEK TRAMWAJOW MIEJSKICH" Inside the street car, passengers look out window, read, etc. CU of traffic cop in busy intersection at 01:13:16:00. More buses, cars, street vendors, etc. selling religious articles. Rainy day scenes in Warsaw, the same traffic cop we saw earlier is now in rain gear, and still directing traffic.

Yiddish production (?) of Shakespeare play in Russia

Film

An excerpt from a stage production of Shakespeare's "Romeo & Juliet."

Factory scenes, Katowice, Poland 1936

Film

Katowice, Poland, 1936. CU, worker takes off his mask as he exits the zinc refinery. MLS, camera pans down the refinery smokestack to reveal the entire refinery in the valley, full pan of the valley, and then back into the mine, miners hacking away at the rocks with pick axes. Shots of bubbling molten ore at 01:01:55:00. The workers leave the refinery, and head off to the church. More shots inside the mine, the cars full of zinc ore, etc. VS of the women sorting the good pieces from the bad. EXT, the miners emerge from the mine, head into another building at the refinery. 01:04:54:00 Workers leave the factory on their bikes; large engines turn inside the factory. 01:06:30:00 changes to scenes of the burning embers of the furnace: iris shots. A worker counts the smelting ovens/jets.

Street scenes in Warsaw, 1936

Film

MS, traveling from a streetcar in Warsaw. Traffic officer on a pedestal in the middle of the street. Tree- lined streets. Sequence of modern shop windows in the city, including a fabric store, a clothing store, a food market, and a hair salon. 01:11:12 More street scenes of Warsaw, showing a kiosk full of advertisements and a flower vendor. There is a prominent announcement for a Chaplin film screening on the kiosk, and later, a sign in the distance for American actress Irene Dunne. People fill the sidewalks.

Catholic hospital in Warsaw destroyed during the German siege, 1939

Film

The bombed out Catholic Hospital of the Transfiguration, one of Warsaw's largest hospitals. A nurse and doctor make their way through a destroyed ward full of empty beds. Catholic statuary in the hospital, CUs of beds filled with rubble, a Virgin Mary statue on a bed, a palm tree. MCU of Julien Bryan speaking with one of the nurses at the hospital. 01:06:05 Quick shot of the destruction at the American Consular office in Warsaw. Shots of another hospital with a makeshift maternity ward in the cellar hallway. VS of the new mothers and newborns. CU, a newborn's head is bandaged. More shots of babies born around the time of the siege, including a shot of twin boys. 01:06:42 INT of Eastman Kodak Laboratory in Warsaw, two lab workers with 16mm film in hand, trying to clean the mess after it was bombed. Bryan rushed to this lab each day he was in Warsaw to immediately process his film of the German attack on the city. Bryan writes in his book "Siege" that one processing tank exploded, and luckily, his film was not in that tank.

German siege of Warsaw, Poland, Sept. 1939

Film

Woman selling newspapers on the street. Cut to scene behind the American Embassy where, according to Julien Bryan's book "Siege", all the Americans were during the Siege. Scene of Americans practicing for heading underground during an attack, American flag in the ground, sand bags, etc. They are trying to string the flag so that it will somehow be visible from the air so that the Germans will not bomb them. Several of the men are wearing armbands. VS, sandbagging the American embassy in Warsaw. The men continue to point towards the sky, as they head underground, one man takes still photos. Another flag is draped on the roof of the building to warn the German planes. 01:08:24:00 Scene of destruction, birds take flight, INTs of the Catholic hospital, the nurses and mothers with newborn babies leaving the destroyed building. A baby carriage remains perched precariously on the edge of a bomb induced crater on the hospital grounds. VS of the nurses and nuns demonstrating the damage that was done to the hospital. 01:09:04:10 Chaos on the streets of Warsaw. Trucks full of sandbags, foot soldiers on patrol, refugees all about, piles of stones from destroyed buildings, men digging, more refugees crossing the Paderewski Bridge, soldiers continue to recruit able-bodied men that they find in the crowds of people coming over the bridge. MCU, On the bridge, a family with all their belongings, everyone seems to be smiling. Camera pans the group of refugees assembled there on the bridge, still in MCU, good CU of mother and daughter, then just of the little girl, staring intently at the camera, back to mother, then they pull out pictures of the little girl as a baby- they have all their possession with them. A man with a WWI military medal in MCU (part of the same family) more shots of this family- they have everything loaded on a bicycle. Soldiers patrol the bridge. MCU a woman carries a chicken, several other refugees. VS of people on the bridge, then more destruction along railway lines, and people swarming out of their neighborhoods.

Nazi rally, 1937 - Hitler, Himmler, Reichsarbeitsdienst parade; Anti-Bolshevik exhibit crowds; Berlin streets crowded for Mussolini visit.

Film

Nazi party rally at Nuremberg, pan of stadium, regiments already assembled on the field; more still entering, an injured man is carried away on a stretcher. 01:06:45:00 Some MCUs on the young soldiers on the field, some look back at the camera, all are chewing gum--the bare-chested regiment-- Nazi "beefcake". MCU of the beefcake singing in unison. Cut to the young women assembled in another area of the field. VS of flags waving; military milling about the stadium. Scenes outside of the Anti-Bolshevik Exhibit (Antibolschevistische Ausstellung); uniformed Nazis with armbands line up to enter a building, several civilians enter as well (men and women). Officers push back some of the crowds-the lines are extremely long. The crowds calmly move back, many of the women are smiling. 01:09:03:00 On the occasion of Mussolini's visit to Berlin, crowds wait in the streets; a truck full of young men, the sign painted on the truck reads: BRAUHAUS NURNBERG. Motorcade through the streets begins, all are lining up to see the men of the hour who will soon arrive, waving and saluting the crowds, camera tracks Hitler's car in MLS. The shot and the reel end as Hitler rides out of frame at END.

Jewish quarter of Warsaw burning, 1939

Film

This sequence was shot on the night of September 16, 1939, during Rosh Hashanah. The German invasion of Warsaw, Poland had begun over a week before, but they intentionally set the Jewish quarter of Warsaw on fire during the holiday. Bryan did not have any external lights to illuminate the action while shooting this event. If the viewer looks closely they can make out the outlines and shadows of the inhabitants of the Jewish quarter in bucket brigades in the foreground of these shots trying to save their homes, their lives, and their livelihoods. The quarter was destroyed that night.

German siege of Warsaw, Poland, Sept. 1939

Film

01:03:45 Men digging in the aftermath of the German military air raids on Warsaw. Several refugees with bundles walk down the street, past where the ditches are being dug. Polish soldiers stand guard; civilians come up to them and question them. Scenes of the chaos in the streets after the German air attack. Two young men are recruited by a Polish soldier to help with the digging. They are all in suits and ties, some in trench coats and hats, and they keep digging. 01:04:18 Railway underpass, a train stuck on the tracks that are now covered with debris, women and men climb out of the railcar and over the debris. Polish soldiers with guns walking through the streets. Many civilians are milling about. Quick shot of a bridge over the Vistula River. 01:04:33 A shanty town that some survivors have set up where their homes once stood: families are trying to gather together their belongings; a young girl cleans her feet in a basin; young girl fixing her hair in a small mirror that she has propped up on a broken door. Refugees line up for bread outside a building, a soldier guards the door trying to keep things orderly. 01:04:57 CU of a wall riddled with bullet holes. Other buildings destroyed by bombs. HAS of church clocktower. People praying on their knees in the dirt outside of the wood frame church, the church has been damaged. A priest walks through the rubble outside the church.

Daily life in Poland, 1936, scenes of Polish cavalry

Film

TRIMS not connected by subject matter. EXT, VS, a new schoolhouse in Lowicz, Poland, scenes in the schoolyard, children playing. EXT, VS, three young girls walking down a dirt road, followed by horse drawn carriage, a church steeple is visible in the BG in Lowicz. EXT, MLS, large estate in the Polish countryside. EXT, MLS, group of men at stable, Lowicz, Poland. INT, Zinc refinery in Zakopane, Poland. CU of molten zinc being poured into molds. EXT, MS, young women in peasant dress line parade route in Warsaw. EXT, CU, shop windows in Warsaw. EXT, VS, Polish cavalry on maneuvers. EXT, VS, M. Finkelstein's haberdashery in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, Poland. EXT, country estate. EXT, Young women in peasant dress line parade route in Warsaw, Poland. EXT, Train station in Gdynia, Poland.

Ruins of Warsaw, Poland 1946

Film

Opens in 1946- Warsaw, Poland, snow covered ground and destroyed buildings; military vehicle and electric bus pass by one of the destroyed buildings, cut to horse drawn carriages going down these same streets. 01:01:00:00 The destroyed DEUTSCHE BANK, a horse and carriage move through the frame. More destroyed building facades. 01:01:20:24 1946, Warsaw, Poland, MCU of a young boy making the sign of the cross at a cemetery. VS of wooden crosses and grave markers (name placards) for the dead, several names and dates listed: 1941, 1942, etc. Men, women and children pay their respects; children place flowers and candles at the graves. CUs of women crying over the graves. CUs of graves. The last indicates someone who died in Auschwitz.

Daily life in southeastern, northeastern, and central Poland, 1936

Film

TRIMS depicting a variety of activities in daily life throughout Poland in 1936. The first two trims are MSs of a street corner in Warsaw, a police officer conducts traffic between streetcars, motorcycles, automobiles and horse-drawn wagons. The street is busy with people. The third trim is a low angle MCU of a religious procession in Lowicz, Poland, featured are clergy and townspeople. This is followed by two trims of a building under construction in Warsaw, workmen construct wood frame, cart materials around the site in wheel barrows, as a foreman barks orders. The remaining trims feature ships loading and unloading in the port city of Gdynia, Poland. VS of the ships and the cranes along the docks.

Daily life in southeastern, northeastern, and central Poland, 1936

Film

TRIMS beginning with a quick glimpse of store fronts in the Jewish quarter in Krakow. This is followed by several shots of architecture in Warsaw, then a CU of an incense burner in a Catholic procession in Lowicz. The scene then returns to Warsaw: street scene, kiosk, poster advertising a theatrical performance. MS, policeman on horseback, using the horse as crowd control, people are gathered. CU molten zinc being smelted in a furnace at the Giesche Mine and Refinery in Katowice. LS, Gdansk, establishing shot along the waterway. MCU and CU of dockworkers in Gdynia, loading materials onto ships for transport. There is a lumber yard at the docks. Staged scenes of a village family in Zakopane, Poland. Men and women are present, cooking, eating, talking, doing household chores. CUs of bread and cheese being cut and served. MS, Katowice, workers exiting the mine. CU of elevator in operation going down to mine shaft, workers exit elevator into mine. VS of the miners at work, chipping away at the walls of the cave with pick axes, etc. Return to CUs and MCUs of Catholic holiday procession through the streets of Lowicz, followed by a quick glimpse of a paddle boat docked alongside the Vistula river in Krakow. The Wawel castle is visible in BG.

Polish cavalry on maneuvers, street scenes in Warsaw, scenes in the countryside, 1936

Film

TRIMS of Poland 1936- not connected by subject matter. Polish cavalry on maneuvers in an open field. Shop window in Warsaw during the arrival of Smigly Rydz. INT, MCU a streetcar full of passengers in Warsaw. Gdynia, ships loading and unloading at the port, pier 23. EXT, MS, streetcar rounding a corner in Warsaw. VS, EXT, MLS, husband and wife in the countryside walking toward their home, MCU entrance to home, etc. MS, EXT, street scenes, busy street in Warsaw. EXT, MLS, new buildings in Warsaw. EXT, MS, miners exiting building in Zakopane, Poland, drinking water. EXT, CU, dockworkers at lumberyard at port of Gdynia. EXT, market square, city unknown. INT, women sorting zinc at refinery in Zakopane, Poland. EXT, CU, young schoolchildren walking with teacher, and nun, location unknown. INT, MCU, worker stoking furnaces at refinery in Zakopane, Poland. EXT, with smoke stacks, refinery in Zakopane, Poland. EXT, MS, women at a fruit vendor's stand on a city street in Warsaw. MS, kiosk and fruit stand proprietor arranging her wares. EXT, MLS, ships unloading coal at port of Gdynia. EXT, MS, horsedrawn carriage and autos on street, location unknown. VS, EXT, peasants in traditional dress processing through village to religious church ceremony in Lowicz, Poland. EXT, CU, two young Jewish boys socializing with each other. EXT, MS from high angle, procession of priest and alter boys in Lowicz, Poland.

Train travel in southeastern Poland 1936

Film

TRIMS featuring a train that has stopped at an unknown station in Poland, the train picks up several passengers: men, women, and children, and continues along the tracks slowly out of the station. CUs of passengers in the train cars, LS of a conductor at the edge of the train platform monitoring the loading and unloading of passengers. There are two trims that feature signs along the platform which could aid in identification of the exact location, but they are in the BG of the shot, and not completely legible. The first trims shows a MS of the train, attached to electric cables pulling into the station, passengers wait with paper wrapped bundles under their arms. A row of tall buildings is visible in the BG, it seems to be a busy business/downtown area in this unidentified locale.

Workers and townspeople in Katowice, Poland 1936

Film

TRIMS feature a range of MCUs and CUs of locals in Katowice, Poland (Silesian region) in 1936. The first two CUs are of a worker from the zinc mine, on break, drinking water from a metal cup. The next few trims feature a farmer in the region churning a grain threshing machine, with CUs of the mechanism at work. The rest of the trims feature older men of the town, wearing traditional dress (heavy coats with fur collars and some embroidered details), they stand around smoking and talking to each often staring intently at the camera.

Country life in Zakopane, Poland 1936

Film

Scenes of country life in Zakopane, Poland, staged for the camera. Peasants cutting bread and vegetables, interior of a house, woman cooking, weaving, man enters the house and makes the sign of the cross, all are in traditional folk dress. VS, inside a church, CUs of icons. The subject shifts to a different scene: MLS, following a man in the woods, out to hunt birds with his rifle over his shoulder, camera pans up to bird's nest. A woman meets him under the tree- the man talks to her about a gun as they sit on a bench under a tree, there is a religious icon hanging on the tree. The couple frolick in the countryside. This is listed by Julien Bryan as "Estate in winter, man and wife with dog and gun."

Zinc mine and refinery in Katowice, Poland 1936

Film

A quick series of trims featuring zinc mines in Katowice, Poland (Silesian region). The mine featured is the Giesche Zinc Mine and Refinery. VS in the mine, cars full of zinc being loaded and guided by workers, using levers to control the cars as they travel along the rails in the mine. CUs of the cars and zinc ore. Images are slightly underexposed due to the fact that filming was done in low light in an underground mine.

Daily life in Zakopane, Poland 1936

Film

Snow in Zakopane. Traveling shot from the funicular in the Zaprowy (Tatra) mountains at Zakopane. This is where the Poles would go to ski. VS, panoramic shots of the countryside. The funicular travels over the village- a few shots of villagers below, then more snow and mountains. The gondola approaching the top of the mountain; MCU gondola operator, CU on the gears, another shot of it approaching the end of the run, from a slightly different angle- people disembarking. VS from the gondola, shadows of the gondola along the mountainside. 01:03:08:25 Someone in a bear costume in the village teasing passersby, VS with young girl and young man fighting the bear, etc. Back to the sky cab and the pretty mountain scenery. A woman in a scarf in MCU appears briefly in the frame; more mountains.

Country life in Zakopane Poland 1936

Film

Turnip and potato planting and picking in the fields of Zakopane. VS of the farmers; young boy herding cattle, and folk dancing. Folk dancing scenes are shot at a faster speed than usual, and therefore the image is slowed down considerably. VS of circle dances, couples in elaborate folk costumes dancing circles around a wooden cross.

Daily life in Warsaw, Poland 1936

Film

Warsaw street scenes. VS of architecture; street cars, newspaper kiosks, people milling about, but more of a focus on the bustle of the city, traffic cops, buses, cars, etc. 01:13:35:00 MCU of a woman and two boys, the woman most likely runs the kiosk, sitting on the ground reading the papers with the two young boys. MCU of a woman purchasing something at the kiosk. Large group of young women on an outing, all are wearing overcoats and berets, VS of new building construction, Julien Bryan's notes mention shots of the Parliament building and the higher army court; an open truck full of men in suits drives up to this new building, they all go inside. Street scenes in Warsaw- MS of a black man talking to another man on the street- in a shopping district. More shots of this new looking, yet classically inspired piece of architecture with rounded façade, columns, and bas relief designs. Polish police officers walk past the building. VS of a bridge between two buildings, workmen finishing the plaster work, the sign in front of the building advertising the construction company confirms the location as Warsaw. 01:16:25:00 More scenes of construction, however this building is not as large as the other building, this is a wood frame structure, and workmen unloading cement block materials from the truck; cut back to the other building featured a few shots earlier. 01:16:49:00 LS, busy street corner with several advertisements for Polish products- it is raining, people carrying umbrellas in the BG, cars, horse drawn carriages, people waiting for the street car in the rain, several shots o the rain on the umbrellas. Sign at 01:17:04:27 reads: "Najwyzsy Sad Wojskowy; Prokurator Przy Najwyzsyzm Sadzie Wojskowym". MS well- dressed women, some in fur coats, looking in a shop window- display not visible from exterior. 01:17:14:00 MLS a memorial procession through the streets of Warsaw, wreaths, a horse drawn carriage with a coffin inside- the shot is too quick to catch the name on the banner, the pall bearers are dressed in very elaborate uniforms.

Edward Smigly-Rydz becomes Field Marshall 1936

Film

Scenes in Warsaw as General Smigly-Rydz becomes Field Marshal of Poland. The dignitaries arrive at the parade review stand. Press camera corps photograph the event, which includes officials shaking hands, Smigly-Rydz close-ups, marching soldiers, and troop reviews. Massive crowds of bystanders. 01:20:44 A woman sells Polish flags with the eagle crest insignia. 01:21:03 CU profile of Smigly-Rydz flanked by two Catholic officials, including Cardinal Hlond, whose antisemitic pronouncements at the time fueled longstanding anti-Jewish attitudes among Polish Catholics (see more of Hlond in RG-60.4016). 01:21:20 Polish planes fly over Warsaw as part of the ceremonies. 01:21:49 Tanks parade down the street, the cannons are drawn by horses. Another shot of planes flying in formation overhead.

Warsaw park scenes 1936

Film

CU of a baby in a carriage. MLS, from high angle, babies in Saxon Garden (Ogrod Saski) in Warsaw, with their mothers and/or nannies. The building with arcs is the former Saxon Palace (Palac Saski). VS of the scene in the park, babies as far as they eye can see. 01:23:45:20 CU of one baby in a stroller that stares directly at the camera while eating, followed by the mother madly rocking her baby, VS of very sleek looking, shiny, new baby carriages. Cut to group of young school children touring the medieval city wall of Krakow.

Edward Smigly-Rydz becomes Field Marshall 1936

Film

At 01:14:04:02 LS, a large group of civilians walking around on a field, there are Polish military regiments lined up along the field as well-buildings are visible in the distance. All the regiments were rounding up on the field and then marching from the field through the town. MCU of the regiments in full dress marching through the streets, traveling shot, slightly out of focus. At 01:14:34:02 cut to MS of Field Marshall Edward Smigly-Rydz at the reviewing stand with other dignitaries, everyone is wearing top coats and top hats, or military dress gear. 01:14:50:13 The parade review stand, dignitaries, both military and civilian, hob-knob with each other at the review stand, high ranking Catholic church officials are in attendance, particularly Cardinal August Hlond, the Prelate of Poland, known for making antisemitic pronouncements, who called for a boycott of Jewish shops in Poland as early as 1935, after the death of Jozef Pilsudski.

Jewish quarters Krakow and Warsaw 1936; Jewish teens

Film

Daily life in the Jewish quarter or Krakow. Two men conducting business in a dark doorway. 01:15:05:26 MS of four orthodox Jews walking down the street in Krakow, they look to the camera, and move on. They pass a man with a movie camera. (This is not Julien Bryan; probably Jules Bucher, cameraman who accompanied Bryan in Poland in 1936.) MS of three orthodox Jews on a street corner talking to each other, across the street in BG there is a sign for the shop "Salomon Diamant"- a men's clothing store [duplicate footage on USHMM Film ID 3001]. CUs of the religious Hasidic men talking and walking around the quarter; VS of one of the men putting his hands in front of his face, VS of people looking suspiciously at the camera, an angry passersby. Two Hasidic men talking in square with R. Beck sign in BG. Store workers moving a display.Older, poorer orthodox man, scenes of the old market place. Market place (LS) with synagogue in BG. Jewish man turns away from the camera. Elderly lady buying a chicken and putting it in her shopping bag- talking to the woman selling it, young dark haired girl in the market. Other streets of the Jewish quarter in Krakow, man selling balloons outside the Hotel Muller (sign on wall plaque next to doorway). In Warsaw, streets of the Jewish quarter, religious Jews walking in the street, scenes of a funeral, for Marja Steinberger who was 70 years old- a funeral announcement is filmed in CU at 01:17:18:17. The names of relatives, etc. are listed on the announcement. Return to Krakow, old market square in front of the synagogue with the chicken vendor. MLS, Interior courtyard sequence, with young Jewish children clearing brush, preparing for the harvest festival of Sukkot beneath the archway made famous in an iconic Roman Vishniac photograph. CUs of Jewish teens laughing and talking, in forest.

Scenes of destruction in Warsaw, Poland 1946

Film

LS, snow covered ground: statue of a man wielding a sword in a square in Warsaw, Poland. Buildings all around the statue are destroyed. MLS three young children in the street, walking toward the camera, they smile, continue walking until they are out of frame, then the camera captures them from behind, continuing their walk through the barren streets of the destroyed city of Warsaw. Cut to MLS, a man walking alone through the same deserted area, three men on a cart going down this same street- one man pedals the cart, two are in it. Soldiers in military supply trucks moving slowly through the streets of Warsaw- they are either Polish or Russian army. The trucks carry wooden coffins with wreaths on top of them- their fallen comrades. Each truck seems to have three coffins stacked in it. MS of a woman selling flowers on the street; LS of a destroyed building- it looks as though it may be one of the same ones that Bryan filmed in 1939. The shot lasts several seconds, then switches at 01:10:30:14 to a MS of a memorial covered in snow, wreaths, names, crosses, carnations, are all peaking out of the snow. 01:11:07:00 CU, shot from low angle of a destroyed church, followed by beautiful shots of two little girls walking hand in hand through the destroyed streets of Warsaw, covered in snow. The girls walk away from the camera, with their backs to the viewer

Polish cavalry

Film

Footage of Polish Cavalry soldiers. Cannot confirm location where this was shot, but Bryan references shooting these scenes in 1937. Scene with six Polish soldiers sitting down, looking at papers or maps and discussing something. Cut to soldiers loading cannons that look more like WWI artillery rather than WWII. They have wooden wheels, etc. Repeat of the horses rushing down the hillside, driven by soldiers, rather random/staged looking battle scenes, one of the soldiers is on a field phone in one of the MCUs. Followed by shots of tanks and more soldiers, this time wearing combat helmets rather than dress uniform hats. 01:12:27:15 LS, soldiers on horseback appear seemingly out of nowhere on a vast expanse of plane, they ride out of frame, and then we see a CU of a tank moving across some brush, MS, soldiers on horseback crossing a river or stream. Cut to LS of a cavalry regiment coming down another sandy hillside.

Street scenes in Krakow, Poland 1936

Film

Short shot of a horse drawn carriage pulling up in front of Holy Cross Church in Krakow, Poland. A group of adolescent girls walk along the street toward the church, a wooden cart without a horse is parked along the road.

Czech prison images, 1946

Film

MCU of guillotine in an empty room. It casts a rather ominous shadow on the white tile wall behind it. Frame left there is a hose attached to the wall. A man in uniform (prison guard) enters the frame and demonstrates the operation of the guillotine. He demonstrates again, this time we see only the shadow of his demonstration and not the machine or the man. This scene was shot in the Pancraz prison in Prague postwar.

Poles bury their war dead, Warsaw, Poland 1946

Film

Red Cross banner in the center of large memorial wreath- crowds of people- men women and children, this is POSTWAR footage, 1946. Polish soldiers are milling about, several military vehicles. Civilians: men, women and children, some with Red Cross armbands, a group of nurses, etc. They process to a cemetery gate, purchase candles for graves. In the BG a wooden coffin is moving past on the shoulders of some soldiers. White flags drape the gates to the cemetery. This scene cuts out before we enter the cemetery.

Train travelling to Warsaw, Poland 1939

Film

Crowded train platform, several bourgeois looking families are boarding the trains, some soldiers are also on the platform, some help the women and children board. They seem to be from a mountaineering regiment, they carry rifles, and wear rounded felt caps with feathers in them. Another shot, passengers on board the train reach out the window to receive hunks of bread from people selling it from baskets on the platform. Several children are running around near the platform, some look curiously at the camera. 01:02:36:29 A group of young men and young women sitting in the grass and socializing near the train platform, They are smoking, smiling, laughing, etc, one of the men has a newspaper and several of the others are leaning in around him to read the article. MCU on the paper, all in Polish, and difficult to make out the words, another close-up on the "Express Wikezonry", the man points to the last article with a title that reads: "Americans take position of neutrality, other articles on the page discuss London and Warsaw 01:02:55:03 Mores shots of people serving drinks from the train platform to the passengers. Soldiers stand around drinking as well. This is shot from the train- so Bryan and his cameraman are on the train en route to somewhere, or they hopped on the train to take the shots from this point of view- there seem to be several soldiers on board the train. People disembark the train in what seems to be a deserted field.

Workers building the Pilsudski mound near Krakow, Poland

Film

VS of Polish workers building the Pilsudski mound. The mound was completed in 1937 to honor Jozef Pilsudski.

Postwar destruction in Warsaw

Film

Animated numbers scroll from 1940 to freeze on "Poland 1945". Scenes of destruction in Warsaw and the liberation of the city, soldiers kissing women in the streets, getting flowers, several shots of destroyed cities (most likely stock news footage) 01:21:13 VS of the Poles working to rebuild their country, men and women, pounding in rail ties, sifting through mountains of debris, taking down buildings, etc. MLS of a group of barefoot children being lead through the rubble-filled streets by young women. The film then ends on shots of young, healthy children in postwar Poland, eating bread. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948.**

Street scenes in Krakow, Poland 1936

Film

Train station in Poland, people hurrying along the platform, one orthodox Jew hurries along, the rest of the travelers are dressed in contemporary clothing. The camera is fixed on the platform, soldiers pass by, two orthodox priests pass by, and a porter carries their luggage. Cut to the streets of Krakow, many people moving about, lots of activity, a religious Jew carrying a large parcel walks down the street, a peasant woman carrying a large pack on her back walks behind him, they both turn and enter a building (unmarked). 01:00:42:21 A prototype train car is being tested. CU of the operator at the helm in uniform, followed by shots of this train from various angles, men with briefcases board this single car train at an outdoor station. The train moves slowly along the tracks.

Polish port city of Gdynia and schoolgirls in Gdansk

Film

From the factories in Silesia featured in RG-60.4002, also on USHMM Film ID 3004, the next stop is in Gdynia, in the northwestern corner of Poland. Shot of the harbor along the Baltic Sea. VS of mineral ore being loaded onto ships, VS of lumber yard near the ship yard along the Baltic Sea. VS of the streets and architecture of the city of Gdynia, picturesque shots of the boats on the sea and the canals that flow through the city. More shots of workers unloading materials at the dock in Gdynia. End scenes of Gdynia, begin brief sequence of street scenes of Gdansk, also in the northwestern corner of Poland. Then cut to scenes of Gdansk at 01:16:35 A group of school girls in uniform march down the street carrying Nazi flags, and singing- they are all in their early teens. ***From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Polish Army parade in Warsaw

Film

Scenes of the Polish army marching through the streets of Warsaw: this is a sign/prelude to war. Several CUs of shop windows displaying proudly the photos of Polish leaders, particularly Pilsudski, Paderewski and the current (1937) President Mosczieksky. This clip features a ceremony where President Mosczieksky passes the baton to Marshall Smigly-Ridz, who was being hailed as the man who would lead the Poles to victory over Germany. Polish officers using horses for crowd control, MCU of Polish Cardinal Hlond, who made several anti-Jewish statements. VS of the bystanders, young boys watch the parade perched in the trees along the parade route, young women in traditional costume line the parade route, all signs of Polish solidarity. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Prelude to war and scenes of destruction inflicted by the invading German army in Warsaw

Film

Sequence of outtakes begins with German planes flying overhead in 1939 during the German invasion of Poland. The Germans surround Poland from the south and the north, eventually reaching Warsaw and destroying the city. CU at 01:18:19 that shows an eagle insignia, in the hands of a soldier, who is marching along the street, air attack over Warsaw, scenes of Warsaw and posters that were on the streets. They are all in Polish, they are propaganda posters featuring swastikas and soldiers. Warsaw burning [most likely stock news footage] at 01:18:32, followed by shots of Poles taking to the streets of Warsaw to dig trenches to protect against the ongoing Germany army attack. More stocks shots of bombs dropping from planes. 01:18:53 Julien Bryan footage resumes with shots of victims walking over the rubble of destroyed buildings in Warsaw, including a church and a hospital, cleaning up, etc. 01:19:00 Scene of dead bodies in a field, a woman is covering the faces of the dead. CU of a young girl wiping tears from her eyes as she looks at the corpses. 01:19:13 Little boy with his canary in a cage in the midst of all the rubble. 01:19:42 In a Warsaw hospital maternity ward-one doctor and one nurse care for several mothers with their newborn babies lined up in the hospital's basement hallways on the floor (shelter from ongoing bombings). 01:20:04 More scenes of the city burning. Frontline footage of the Polish army with tanks and cavalry attempting to defend their lines. More stock shots of an unidentified bridge exploding, a building collapsing in flames, etc. The war years scroll by on an animated map with flames, beginning with 1940 until 1945. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948.**

Zinc refinery in operation in Katowice

Film

Scenes from the Giesche zinc mine and refinery in Katowice, circa 1936. VS, inside near the furnaces, men coming out for a break and getting water, women sorting the ore before it is smelted, the conveyor belt from the mine shaft, men drilling inside the mine. 01:14:55 Good shots of the digging in the mine, workers leaving the mine. Scene with the workers collecting their bicycles at the end of the day. Several good CUs of the faces of the workers, the raw zinc ore, machinery, etc. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Animated map and graphics of Poland for the film "Poland - the Country and the People"

Film

Animated map of Poland showing the industrial region of Silesia and its factories. The map serves as a transition from this region of southern Poland to the northwestern region of Poland and the port city of Gdynia. This map was created by Philip Stapp. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Schoolhouse in the region of Katowice on the anniversary of the school's opening

Film

VS, scene opens with a poster hanging on the outside wall of a new brick schoolhouse announcing the rededication of the school building. The sign is written in Polish. A celebration of the new building-the sign talks about the school going from an old thatched-roof hut to a new brick building-according to the sign this celebration is taking place in August 1937. Several shots of the children in the school yard playing happily, then a group of young children being lead by a very somber looking nun in single file to the school house. There is a very abrupt cut at the end of this scene. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Establishing shots, street scenes of daily life in Warsaw

Film

VS, Warsaw street scenes. A group of young school boys walk in an orderly fashion through the city streets, they are with a male chaperone, all are wearing the same cap. MS in a large park of women, there are several women gathered in a central location in the park, all have babies in baby carriages. 01:11:57 The nanny/mommy scene in the park with VS, CUs on babies, toddlers, prams, etc. END of Reel 1 - writing on film leader indicates Reel 2 begins. 01:12:21 Scenes of city life, we are now on the outskirts of Warsaw - the trolley pulls up to the station, the sign on the front of the trolley reads "Destination: Dworska". INT shots from inside the trolley car, several passengers are busy reading, riding, a few look at the camera. VS from inside the trolley car panning the street scene outside. Two Polish soldiers walking along, one is carrying a bunch of high black boots over his shoulder. Kiosk and vegetable stand on the street in Warsaw-three women are shopping at the stand. 01:13:05 A funeral procession through the streets of Warsaw. VS of a building under construction seen first in LS, and then in CU the men working there. A foreman barks orders to the workers, he is in a uniform and wears a cap. Several establishing shots of streets, etc, mostly new buildings, signs for construction and construction companies are visible, all the buildings are modern, cement block highrises. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Passengers boarding a train in Poland, near Warsaw

Film

Short clip, unidentified location in Poland, circa 1937. Several people standing on a train platform as the train pulls into the station. Quick shots of passengers boarding the trains: men, women, and some teenage boys, all are well dressed, some carry parcels, in one shot a conductor is visible in the background and two adolescent boys board the train in the foreground. Several of the subjects look directly at the camera. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Scenes of rural life in the region of Katowice

Film

VS, scenes of rural village life in the central Polish region of Katowice, circa 1937. Horse drawn wagons move along a dirt road, an orthodox priest in dark vestments walks along the same road. A family carries kindling on their backs. CU, the Orthodox priest stops to speak to two children with a goat. Three women walk along a dirt road, two carry firewood, one walks hand in hand with her young daughter. She picks up her daughter for a CU for the camera. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Krakow Jewish quarter

Film

VS, Street scenes in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, Poland. Man selling balloons. Young girl on the street asking for directions from Orthodox Jewish men. Older Jewish couple posing outside of their shop-M. Finkelstein is the name on the placard above their shop door. Good CUs of the couple. CUs of young, religious Jewish boys laughing and talking, conscious of the camera. Young children playing in a courtyard, moving large twigs around the street as an elderly woman watches them, preparing for the harvest festival of Sukkot beneath the archway made famous in an iconic Roman Vishniac photograph. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Preparations for Easter in the region of Lowicz and Witów

Film

VS, preparations for church in Lowicz, Poland. VS of the procession (likely for Easter Sunday) of townspeople, all in traditional clothing, to the church. They are led by the local clergy and several carry banners as they process through the streets. VS of the young children dressed in their finery, two flower girls sprinkle the path to the church with flower petals. Polish highlanders march from the church through the Polish village of Witów, in Kościelisko Commune, Tatrzański County. The priest visible in the middle wearing a dark cassock and elaborate hat is then parson of Chochołów parish, Kazimierz Rzeszodko. MCU of a group of elderly men from the village talking and smoking. LS of three young boys running about on a farm. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Staged scenes of domestic life and folk dancing in the region of Katowice

Film

Staged scenes inside a peasant couple's home. Women cooking apples, cutting bread, men eating. All are wearing traditional Polish peasant dress. VS of men and women performing folk dances, mainly circle dances. These shots are alternately over and under cranked, making the actions of the dancers exaggeratedly slow or fast. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Establishing shots of village life in Katowice

Film

Peasants and farm families going about their daily activities in the region of Katowice, Poland. Several shots of men, women, and children harvesting wheat, herding cattle, and talking to each other and to the camera. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Scenes in a market square in Krakow

Film

A market scene: old peasant women sitting on the ground, selling their wares, a pushcart full of live geese passing by, VS of merchants and consumers at the open-air market in a cobblestoned square in Krakow, circa 1937. A man in a uniform (Polish army) holding and petting a hen, followed by VS of women in the market. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Animated maps and titles for the film "Poland - the Country and the People"

Film

An animated map of Poland, designed by Philip Stapp. Features the outline of the country of Poland, a drawing of a King with a sceptor, an indication of the location of Krakow with an accompanying image of the city, and a coat of arms-style sign in the middle of the map of Poland that reads: Union of Poland-Lithuania and Ruthenia. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Establishing shots, street scenes and buildings in Krakow

Film

VS, Krakow, Poland landmarks: old maket square, Catholic church, museums, municipal buildings, the castle. Used as establishing shots. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Graphics and intertitles for the film "Poland - the Country and the People"

Film

Animated maps of Poland showing the changes in the political borders of Poland from 1795 when the land area was divided between German, Russian and Austrian interests to the 1914 borders in which the empires of Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary engulfed Poland entirely from a political standpoint, despite the fact that a distinct Polish culture still existed. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**

Title credits for the film "Poland - the Country and the People"

Film

Opening credit sequence. Credits are as follows and appear in this format: The International Film Foundation presents POLAND The Country and the People A Julien Bryan production Associate producer Eugene Cenkalski Photography Jules Bucher, Julien Bryan Music Jerzy Fitelberg Commentary Robert Spencer Carr Narrator Merce Cunningham Animation Philip Stapp

Street scenes and establishing shots of Krakow

Film

Establishing shots of Krakow, shot circa 1936/37. LS of the famous castle, shot of a small boat letting in along the Vistula River, LS of two women walking across the courtyard of an unidentified building. **From Julien Bryan's film "Poland the Country and the People" released in 1948, shot 1936-1937.**