Close-up portrait of a Jewish child with her governess.
Overview
- Caption
- Close-up portrait of a Jewish child with her governess.
Pictured on the right is Erica Deitelbaum (cousin of donor), who perished in the Holocaust. - Date
-
Circa 1940
- Locale
- Topolcany, [Slovakia; Bratislava] Czechoslovakia
- Variant Locale
- Nagytapolcsany
Slovakia - Photo Credit
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Itzhak (Ernst) Braf
Rights & Restrictions
- Photo Source
-
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumProvenance: Itzhak (Ernst) Braf
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Biography
- Itzhak (Ernst) Braf is the son of Dr. Yeshayahu Alexander and Helena nee Deitelbaum (b. 1908 in Topolcany). Itzhak was born March 16, 1932 in Kosice, where his father worked as a pediatrician. Itzhak had one older brother, Friedrich (Zvi), who was born June 16, 1929, also in Kosice. The family maintained a kosher home and kept the Sabbath. Itzhak attended a Jewish elementary school from the first to the sixth grade. In 1938, Kosice was annexed by Hungary, and antisemitic economic restrictions were immediately imposed. Beginning in 1940, all Jewish men between the ages of 21 to 40 were conscripted for the Hungarian army labor battaltions serving in Russia, and men 40-45 years old for forced labor. Then on March 19, 1944, Germany occupied Hungary. Additional restrictive orders were issued which barred Jews from employment, required them to wear the Star of David and to comply with curfews. Shortly thereafter, on April 24, a concentration camp was established in the city's brick factory, and Jews were forced to move into this four-acre area. While witnessing these events, the Braf family made plans to escape. They took a night train to Budapest, where they stayed with relatives for two to three weeks , until they were able to rent an apartment. There, they waited to be placed on the list for the Kasztner transport.
The transport left Budapest on June 30, and on July 8 arrived in Bergen Belsen, where the Braf family stayed for two months. From Bergen Belsen, the passengers were sent to Switzerland in groups ordered alphabetically by the family's last name, so the Braf family was able to leave in the first group of three hundred. There, they initially lived together in a refugee home, until Itzak was moved to the Bnai Akiva Institution for youth, and his parents to a refugee hotel. After the war, the family returned to Kosice where Yeshayahu resumed his medical practice, and Itzhak and Zvi attended high school. In 1949, the family immigrated to Israel on the Atzmaut ship. In Israel, the boys finished high school and entered the army. Itzhak later became a building engineer, married and went on to have two children and five grandchildren .
- Record last modified:
- 2013-03-19 00:00:00
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1168204
