- Summary
- Videotape testimony of Clara M., who was born in Rzeszów, Poland (then Russia) in 1915, one of four children. She recalls her father's work as a Hebrew educator and his strong Zionist commitment; attending Polish school; antisemitic harassment; her leadership role in Hashomer Hatzair; attending university in Warsaw; interning at Janusz Korczak's orphanage; her older sister's emigration to Palestine in 1938; directing a Zionist summer camp in Zakopane in 1939; German invasion; walking to Rzeszów via Kraków; futile attempts to escape to the Soviet zone; forced labor with her sister; escaping to Lʹviv; communicating with her family via the Red Cross; traveling to Kaunus and Vilna; sending food to her parents; returning to Lʹviv; marriage; anti-Jewish violence, including public hangings; learning of her father's death; German invasion in June 1941; ghettoization; forced labor with her husband; her mother-in-law's deportation; hiding during round-ups; escaping to the “Aryan” sector; moving to Warsaw using false papers; bringing her sister and mother there with assistance from a non-Jew; assisting the ghetto underground; visiting the ghetto once; observing the uprising; her sister's move to a farm; the Polish uprising; fleeing to Konstancin-Jeziorna; liberation by Soviet troops; traveling to Łódź, Rzeszów, Bratislava, Hungary, and Bucharest; and preparing survivors for emigration to Palestine as part of a Zionist group that included Yitzhak Zuckerman and Abba Kovner. Ms. M. discusses Korczak's child development theories and practices; her brother's arrest and execution; transferring her father's remains to Israel; attending a reunion of Korczak's students in Poland; and negative stereotypes of survivors in Israel resulting in not sharing her story, although she did with her children.
- Author/Creator
- M., Clara, 1915-
- Published
- Tel Aviv, Israel : Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, 1991
- Interview Date
- July 9, July 16, and July 23, 1991.
- Locale
- Ukraine
Lʹviv
Poland
Warsaw
Israel
Austria
Rzeszów (Poland)
Warsaw (Poland)
Zakopane (Poland)
Kraków (Poland)
Lʹviv (Ukraine)
Vilnius (Lithuania)
Kaunas (Lithuania)
Konstancin-Jeziorna (Poland)
Łódź (Poland)
Bratislava (Slovakia)
Hungary
Bucharest (Romania)
Palestine
- Cite As
- Clara M. Holocaust Testimony (HVT-3348). Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, Yale University Library.
- Other Authors/Editors
- Beyrak, Nathan, interviewer.
Jadaio, Rachel, interviewer.
- Notes
-
This testimony is in Hebrew.
