Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Partial offwhite tombstone recovered from the Jewish cemetery in Thessaloniki, Greece, desecrated in December 1942 during the German occupation by Greek authorities and collaborators. This marker has a Judeo-Spanish inscription in Rashi script dedicated to a young woman, Hana Gatiniyo, and her newborn infant, who both died during the birth, November 4, 1942. This cemetery was the largest Jewish cemetery in the world, in a city that had one of the longest continuous Jewish communities in existence. By 1940, it had around 400,000-500,000 tombs. On April 6, 1941, Germany and Italy invaded and Greece was divided; Germany controlled Thessaloniki in west Macedonia. In July 1942, most Jewish male residents were taken for forced labor. The Jewish Community paid an enormous ransom to free the men and to prevent the destruction of the cemetery. On December 6, 1942, workers were sent by the Municipality of Thessaloniki to destroy the cemetery. No graves were left undisturbed. The tombstones were destroyed, the graves looted, and the bones of the dead scattered. Tombstones were taken and used as road fill and for construction by the government and local populace. It was the only major Jewish cemetery in Europe to be completely destroyed during the war.
- Date
-
commemoration:
1942 November 04
use: 1942 December
- Geography
-
use:
Jewish cemetery;
Thessalonike (Greece)
recovery: Thessalonike (Greece)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Jewish Community of Thessaloniki
Physical Details
- Language
- Ladino
- Classification
-
Jewish Art and Symbolism
- Category
-
Jewish ceremonial objects
- Object Type
-
Jewish sepulchral monuments (lcsh)
- Physical Description
- Large, uneven, rectangular, polished section of offwhite stone with a partial inscription of 8 lines in Judeo-Spanish (Ladino) in Rashi script carved on the front. The sides are straight and smooth with a carved, beveled front edge with raised line borders. The back is unfinished and flat. The top edge is broken off with an angled, but nearly straight, edge that slants downward on the right. The bottom edge is roughly broken with an irregular horizontal edge, with an uneven, unfinished surface.
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 39.000 inches (99.06 cm) | Width: 32.750 inches (83.185 cm) | Depth: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm)
- Materials
- overall : stone
- Inscription
- front, carved : Ladino text [Hana / muzer di Aharon Gatiniyo / muriyo eyn orah disu parimyento / kon su kriatura mizmo / di 24 aniyos / 27 heshvan 5703 [Hana / wife of Aharon Gatiniyo [Gutinio] / died in the hour of labor (childbirth) / with her child, a gentle creature 24 years of age / November 4, 1942]
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
- Topical Term
- Cemeteries--Desecration--Greece--Thessalonike--History--20th century. Jewish cemeteries--Desecration--Greece--Thessalonike--History--20th century. Jewish cemeteries--Destruction and pillage--Greece--Thessalonike. Offenses against religion--Greece--Thessalonike--History--20th century. World War, 1939-1945--Cemeteries--Desecration--Greece--Thessalonike. World War, 1939-1945--Cemeteries--Destruction and pillage--Greece--Thessalonike.
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The tombstone fragment was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2011 by the Jewish Community of Thessaloniki.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Record last modified:
- 2023-03-10 07:36:22
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn43725
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Also in Jewish Community of Thessaloniki collection
The collection consists of two tombstone fragments from the Jewish cemetery in Thessaloniki, Greece, which was destroyed in December 1942 during the German occupation.
Date: 1942
Recovered fragment of a desecrated tombstone honoring a Greek Jewish soldier
Object
Partial white tombstone recovered from the Jewish cemetery in Thessaloniki, Greece, desecrated in December 1942 during the German occupation by Greek authorities and collaborators. This marker has a Judeo-Spanish inscription in Rashi script, dedicated to Liaos (Elihau) Mevorah, one of the 513 Greek Jews who were killed in combat from 1940-1941 during the war to resist the invasion of Greece by Germany and Italy. This cemetery was the largest Jewish cemetery in the world, in a city that had one of the longest continuous Jewish communities in existence. By 1940, it had around 400,000-500,000 tombs. On April 6, 1941, Germany and Italy invaded and Greece was divided; Germany controlled Thessaloniki in west Macedonia. In July 1942, most Jewish male residents were taken for forced labor. The Jewish Community paid an enormous ransom to free the men and to prevent the destruction of the cemetery. On December 6, 1942, workers were sent by the Municipality of Thessaloniki to destroy the cemetery. No graves were left undisturbed. The tombstones were destroyed, the graves looted, and the bones of the dead scattered. Tombstones were taken and used as road fill and for construction by the government and local populace. It was the only major Jewish cemetery in Europe to be completely destroyed during the war.
