Overview
- Interview Summary
- Marthe Scheuer describes meeting Oskar Schindler in 1939; meeting Amon Goeth; Schindler's help; her first impressions of Schindler and her later knowledge of his character and life: compassion, charm, disbelief in Nazism, hatred of the treatment of Jews, work for Abwehr in Poland, and relationship with Jews; aspects of his double life in Krakow, Poland: his talking and drinking abilities, the war events crystallizing his views, gaining trust of the officials, his motives, his relationship with Goeth, and his insularity; Schindler's delight in buying a car in Berlin, Germany; Schindler's love of admiration; the journey from Brinnlitz with Schindler and his wife, Emilie, at end of war; Schindler's means and motives for saving Jews; the motivation behind his wartime success; Schindler's manipulation of people; the story of buying the car in Berlin illustrating his love of show; Schindler's motives for saving Jews; her first impressions of Schindler and his involvement with Abwehr at Krakow; the introduction of antisemitic measures; Schindler's feelings towards Jews and his desire to help people; Schindler endangering his own life by remaining at Brinnlitz; Schindler's personality, methods and motives, reasons for lack of success after war, and Sudetenlander characteristics; the escape from Brinnlitz at end of war; and Brinnlitz Jews providing Schindler with a testimonial letter.
- Interviewee
- Marthe Scheuer
- Interviewer
- Jon Blair
- Date
-
interview:
1983 May 19
Physical Details
- Language
- English
- Genre/Form
- Documentary films.
- Extent
-
1 sound cassette (90 min.).
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
- Conditions on Use
- Restrictions on use. Permission to copy and/or use recordings in any production must be granted by the Imperial War Museum and by the copyright holder, Thames Television.
Keywords & Subjects
- Topical Term
- Antisemitism--Poland. Holocaust survivors. Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Personal narratives. Jewish women in the Holocaust. Jews--Persecutions--Poland. Jews--Poland--Kraków. Women concentration camp inmates. World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--Poland. World War, 1939-1945--Jews--Poland. World War, 1939-1945--Jews--Rescue. Women--Personal narratives.
Administrative Notes
- Holder of Originals
-
Imperial War Museum
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The interview with Marthe Scheuer was conducted for a documentary concerning the German industrialist Oskar Schindler by Thames Television for the television program entitled "Schindler." The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum acquired a copy of the interview from the Imperial War Museum in February 1995.
- Special Collection
-
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
- Record last modified:
- 2023-11-16 08:17:10
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn510773
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Oral history interview with Ruth Goeth
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Oral history interview with Helen Horowitz
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Oral history interview with Irika Hirschfield
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Oral history interview with Richard Horowitz
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Richard Horowitz, born in May of 1939, describes his recollections of being filmed at age five at the liberation of Auschwitz, Poland by the Soviet Army in January 1945; his mother finding him in a Krakow orphanage; his mother finding his father; his impressions of Auschwitz and being hidden by people while he was there; his vague recollections of Oskar Schindler; his love for potatoes after the war; his attitude towards being saved by Schindler; and the liberation of Auschwitz.
Oral history interview with Henry Kinstlinger
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Oral history interview with Victor Lewis
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Oral history interview with Edith Liebgold
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Edith Liebgold describes the Krakow Ghetto, including the overcrowding, living conditions, forced labor, and identity papers; her selection for work at Oskar Schindler's Emalia; her first impressions of Schindler and believing in his promises; life in Emalia, including the food, living arrangements, and working conditions; incidents illustrating Schindler's kindness towards Jews and respect for their religion; her future husband's transfer to Emalia, which was arranged by Schindler, and his failure to get on Brinnlitz list; her first impressions of Schindler and immediate trust; her experiences in Auschwitz, including her feelings on arrival, the status of Schindler women, her doubts, and maintaining faith in Schindler; working and living conditions at Brinnlitz; Schindler's gift of material to workers at end of war; surviving the war; Schindler's motives in saving Jews; and Schindler taking a father's role at her marriage in Regensburg in 1945.
Oral history interview with Julius Madritsch
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Julius Madritsch describes his hatred of war; choosing Polish industry to avoid conscription in 1939; his feelings for Poland as part of the former Austrian empire; the registration of the Polish workforce; how he and Oskar Schindler saved lives through employment; the arrangement for his workers from the Płaszów uniform factory to join Schindler at Brinnlitz; Raimund Titsch's role; the payments to the SS for Jewish workers; the aim of Madritsch and Schindler to save the lives of workers; Schindler's character; Amon Goeth's character and dealing with him; and his relations with Schindler.
Oral history interview with Murray Pantirer
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Oral history interview with Mietek Pemper
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Mietek Pemper describes the relationship between Itzhak Stern and Oskar Schindler; Stern's influence to save Jews; General Julius Schindler's inspection of the Płaszów armaments factory; the conversion of Płaszów to concentration camp on January 10, 1944; his experiences as Amon Goeth's stenographer from March 18, 1943 to September 1944; Goeth's indiscriminate brutality and inconsistencies of character; the relationship between of Schindler and Goeth as well as their characters; Schindler's motives for relationship with Goeth; his comparison of Schindler and Julius Madritsch; the health selection at Płaszów May 7, 1944; his knowledge through access to secret documents; Schindler's attempts to save Płaszów Jews and his motives; the poor quality of Brinnlitz production; the non-productivity of Brinnlitz, which was covered up by Schindler; Schindler's attitudes towards Jews, his concept of Schindlerjuden, and his post-war failures; Schindler's relations with Brinnlitz camp commandant Josef Leipold; and how Schindler maneuvered his transfer to the battle front in May 1945.
Oral history interview with Ludmilla Pfefferberg
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Ludmila Pfefferberg, who was from Łódź, Poland, describes the conditions in the Krakow Ghetto, including the selections, accommodations, work certificates, and the aktions; Płaszów living conditions and work; arriving at Auschwitz October 1944, their treatment and her belief in Oskar Schindler; hearing about the Brinnlitz list; Poldek Pfefferberg's errands for Schindler; more details about Auschwitz, including the appalling living and sanitary conditions, roll calls, selections, sleeping conditions, hunger, and the smell; arriving at Brinnlitz and the women's appearance; her first impressions and Schindler's welcoming speech; seeing her husband; believing they were safe; their living conditions; the comparison of Auschwitz to Brinnlitz; Schindler's protection; unskilled workers and the non-productivity of Brinnlitz; and her feelings upon liberation.
Oral history interview with Richard Rechen
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Richard Rechen describes his work as Oskar Schindler's car mechanic at Emalia in 1944 and his surprise at the working conditions; Brinnlitz’s non-productivity; hearing news of D-Day on the car radio; sharing Schindler's love of cars; more details on hearing about the D-Day news; relaying Churchill's victory broadcast over loudspeaker at Brinnlitz; preparations for Schindler's departure and volunteering to go with him; the journey with Schindler: an encounter with Soviet troops, Schindler losing diamonds when the car was looted, an encounter with US troops, and Schindler posing as a concentration camp inmate; his attitude towards Schindler; his reaction to Schindler's death in 1974 and the transfer of Schindler's body to Israel; his views of Schindler’s motives for being a Nazi; and his closeness to Schindler.
Oral history interview with Henry Rosner
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Henry Rosner describes his experiences as inmate of Płaszów camp from 1943 to 1944; playing violin in the camp; the character of the camp commandant, Amon Goeth; Goeth's party guests; Oskar Schindler's demonstrations of sympathy towards him; a story of how his melancholic music influenced a SS officer to commit suicide; Schindler reclaiming Rosner's violin; his experiences as an inmate of Płaszów and Auschwitz camps between 1943 and 1945; the kindness of a SS officer en route to Auschwitz; seeing the women in a transport train leaving Auschwitz; his opinion of Schindler; an incident of SS brutality sickening Schindler; Schindler's behavior at Goeth's parties; and his impressions of Schindler.
Oral history interview with Mary (Manci) Rosner
Oral History
Mary (Manci) Rosner describes her pre-war life in Krakow, Poland; being married to a musician (Henry Rosner); life in the Krakow Ghetto: the work, the fear of aktions, and the liquidation in March 1943; becoming a barrack supervisor at Płaszów; her responsibilities as block eldest: taking the blame and punishment and being forced to witness executions; Amon Goeth's character, including his love of Henry Rosner's music and frightening presence; Oskar Schindler's gift to Henry Rosner; Schindler's Brinnlitz list; the bribes given to get on list; Schindler's love of music ensuring place on list for the Rosner family; the story of Henry Rosner arriving at Auschwitz as the women were leaving; her experiences at Auschwitz: the procedures upon arrival, the cold and hunger, and the punishments from the block elder; her doubts about Schindler’s list; the significance of tattoos; seeing her husband and son arrive at Auschwitz as she departed and the SS guard passing a message; conditions at Brinnlitz; Schindler returning Henry's violin to her; and her opinion of Schindler and his motives.
Oral history interview with Leo Rosner
Oral History
Leo Rosner describes his experiences as an inmate of Płaszów, Brinnlitz, and Gross-Rosen camps from 1943 to 1945; playing accordion at Amon Goeth's parties at Płaszów; Goeth's violent threats; the atmosphere of the parties; his first impressions of Oskar Schindler; Schindler's list; the differences between Płaszów and Brinnlitz; the story of Schindler retrieving Rosner's accordion from Gross-Rosen; his fears for his wife's safety in Auschwitz; Schindler's character; Goeth protecting the Rosner family and his unpredictable nature; the SS need for music; Schindler's drinking; the unlikelihood of surviving the war and being saved by Schindler; Schindler's character; the non-productivity of Brinnlitz; and their debt to Schindler.
Oral history interview with Emilie Schindler
Oral History
Emilie Schindler describes her first impressions of Oskar Schindler in 1927; their early married life in Sudetenland; Schindler's work for Abwehr; his arrest and release upon German invasion of Sudetenland in 1938; Schindler's motives for joining the Nazi party; details of Schindler's intelligence work; reasons for his move to Krakow and taking over enamel works; his continued links with Abwehr; the approach to Schindler made by Doctor Sedlacek of the Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in 1942; life in Krakow, Poland; Oskar Schindler saving Jews by employing them; the necessity of bribing Amon Goeth and SS officials; socializing with the SS; Schindler's arrest and aiding his release; the decision to move to Brinnlitz and having the move arranged with authorities; Schindler's arrest on suspicion of complicity with Goeth; the SS inspection of Brinnlitz while Schindler was under arrest; the story of how Schindler secured the release of women from Auschwitz; details about Brinnlitz: conditions and work situation, Schindler's financial position, overcoming critical food shortages by trading vodka, supplying the SS garrison, and Jews stealing food; the story of a frozen train of Hungarian prisoners and nursing the survivors; refusing to cremate the Jewish dead; the SS search for black market cigarettes; leaving Brinnlitz in May 1945 accompanied by Marthe Scheuer; Oskar Schindler's love of life; reasons for the Schindlers helping Jews; Oskar Schindler's character; losing possessions while fleeing from Soviet troops; the effect of the escape on Oskar Schindler, the reasons for his post-war failure in Argentina, and his desertion of Emilie; and her attitude towards him.
Oral history interview with Sol Urbach
Oral History
Sol Urbach, born in October 25, 1926, describes his pre-war life near Krakow, Poland; his family living in Romania from 1928-1933 then returning to a town outside Krakow; avoiding the Krakow Ghetto; being selected for Oskar Schindler's Emalia 1942; details about Emalia; Schindler warning Jews of the ghetto liquidation and keeping workers at Emalia; losing family in the liquidation; Schindler's enjoyment of life and business and his contacts with the German military and SS; the reduction of the Emalia workforce in August 1944; being selected by Schindler; the politics of the Brinnlitz list; the crash of an Australian pilot over Emalia in the summer of 1944; his chance selection for Emalia; his work there and relationship with Schindler; and the reduction of the Emalia workforce in August 1944.
