Oral history interview with Ida Ruzenberg Apeloig

Oral history interview with Judit Steiner Szabó

Oral History

Oral history interview with Alexander Bachnár

Oral History

Alexander Bachnár (né Bachner), born on July 29, 1919 in Topoľčany, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), describes his father (Jakub Bachner), who was a painter and his mother (Františka Bachner), who was a homemaker; attending primary school in his hometown; studying at the Piarist Gymnasium in Nitra, Slovakia and transferring to high school in Prievidza, Slovakia; graduating in 1938 and attending the Pedagogical School in Bratislava, Slovakia on Lazaretská Street; being excluded from the school in March 1939 because of his Jewish heritage; being drafted into the Sixth Labor Battalion (VI Prapor) in February 1940; being assigned later to a labor camp for Jews in Nováky; doing manual work in the camp at first and later teaching children; the escape of a fellow prisoner (Weiser) from the camp, after which Bachnár served as director of the camp's primary school; the beginning of the Slovak National Uprising and the subsequent liquidation of the Nováky Labor Camp at the end of August 1944; joining the uprising; being a platoon commander of a Jewish partisan group and taking part in the fighting in central Slovakia; the end of WWII and working as the editor of the military newspaper Bojovník from 1945 until 1949; moving to the Pravda printing house in 1949 and working as an editor for two years; being released from Pravda in 1951 for political reasons; working for two years as a welder in the Juraj Dimitrov chemical plant in Bratislava; finding work in 1953 with the daily Práca as an editor and later working as a secretary and then as an editor of foreign affairs; being fired in 1969 from the editorial staff and subsequently being expelled from the Communist Party; being an editor at the Institute of Health Education between 1969 and 1976; retiring on June 30, 1976; and his marriage and three children.

Oral history interview with Andor Gellert

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ákos G. Bálint

Oral History

Oral history interview with Miksa Braun

Oral History

The third file contains the entire interview with English-language subtitles.

Oral history interview with Iván Répás

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vera Weil Hauser

Oral History

Oral history interview with Anna Müller Heller

Oral History

Oral history interview with György Sándor

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ágnes Lányi Orbán

Oral History

Oral history interview with Magda Braunstein Újvári

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vera Piroska Svéd

Oral History

Oral history interview with Illés Dési

Oral History

Oral history interview with Balint Fuzeki

Oral History

Oral history interview with Judit-Miriam Kertész Muresan

Oral History

Oral history interview with László Nuszbaum

Oral History

Oral history interview with Katalin Singer Sági

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gábor Vadász

Oral History

Oral history interview with Zoltán Blum

Oral History

Oral history interview with Mária Csukor Istvánfi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Golda Malek

Oral History

Oral history interview with Helena Klain

Oral History

Oral history interview with Olga Gavor

Oral History

Oral history interview with Katalin Mráz Sztranyiczki

Oral History

Oral history interview with Károly Löwy

Oral History

Oral history interview with Imre Kertész

Oral History

Oral history interview with Veronika Klein Forrás

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vioara Braun

Oral History

Oral history interview with Julianna Judit Szilagyi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Elisabeta Steier

Oral History

Oral history interview with Alexander Bachnár

Oral History

Oral history interview with Valeria Propstein-Slamova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tibor Ehrenfeld

Oral History

Oral history interview with Pavol Polak

Oral History

Oral history interview with Margita Lustig Horakova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Jozef Pevny

Oral History

Oral history interview with Juraj Kohlmann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Marta Szilard

Oral History

Oral history interview with Elvira Weiszelova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Peter Kovács

Oral History

Oral history interview with Štefan Lesný

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dina Schächter Jelić

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vilma Szalay

Oral History

Oral history interview with Philippe Akar

Oral History

Philippe Akar, a notable Resistance fighter and author on the Resistance in World War II, was born January 19, 1919 in Paris, France. In this interview he discusses his family background; his ancestors’ migration from Alsace to Paris in 1871; not being observant Jews; learning about Hitler from newspapers and books; being aware of the growing antisemitism with the influx of Jews from Eastern Europe; being called up by the Vichy government to serve in November or December 1939; the antisemitism in the army; having two children with his non-Jewish wife (the first child was born in 1940 and the second was born just as he was traveling to Spain in 1942 to join the Free French Forces); stopping in a staging area in Mauleon, in southwestern France; crossing into Spain along with his brother, Alain; assuming the personage of a British aviator; being arrested and interned in the Miranda de Ebro concentration camp for six months; being expelled from Spain; arriving in Gibraltar on 17 April 1943; arriving in London to join the FFL on June 15, 1943, where he was a volunteer for the parachutist regiment between December 1943 and June 1944; being transferred to Paris in August 1944; his father’s deportation in 1944; becoming one of the best in explosives and a sabotage expert; being responsible for sabotaging German routes of retreat; blowing up rail lines and roads; liberation; and his retirement.

Oral history interview with Piroska Moskovics Lévy

Oral History

Oral history interview with Etelka Nagy

Oral History

Oral history interview with Eva Gregus

Oral History

Oral history interview with Adele Schreiber

Oral History

Adele Schreiber, born in 1922 in Satu Mare, Romania, discusses her mother’s suicide when Adele was eight months old; being raised as an only child by her father and step-mother; her father, who was Orthodox and cultured; attending a Rumanian school and speaking Rumanian; speaking Hungarian and German at home; her parents speaking Yiddish only when they did not want her to understand; living in a mixed neighborhood; the forced relocation of the Jews in Satu Mare in 1944 into a ghetto; the deportation of all the Jews to Auschwitz; being in Auschwitz a short time before being transferred to Weisswasser with her friend Kati; being sent to Bergen-Belsen and the terrible conditions there; the end of the war and going by boat to Sweden in July 1945; living in Lovön, Sweden; learning Swedish as she worked as a maid for a lawyer; her thoughts on the Jewish community in Sweden; and moving to Stockholm in 1948.

Oral history interview with Lili Jodelsohn

Oral History

Lili Jodelsohn, born in 1923 in Carei Mare, Romania, discusses her parents and 10 siblings (she had nine sisters and one brother); her father, who gave private lessons in mathematics; the Jewish community in the town; being raised religiously observant; the Hungarian annexation of the area; being deported with her family to Satu Mare and then Auschwitz; the murder of her parents and three youngest siblings; being sent to a camp in Frankfurt Am Main, Germany, where they built trenches and an airstrip; being forced to pick vegetables in the countryside; being sent to Ravensbrück; being severely beaten by the camp commandant; going to Copenhagen, Denmark and her realization that they had been liberated; going to Uppsala, Sweden; the Christian family in Landskrona that took care of her when she arrived; her marriage to a Swedish Jewish man whose family had roots in Lithuania; and having two daughters; getting divorced in 1953; getting married to her second husband, Arnold Jodelsohn, in 1968; and the Jewish community in Sweden.

Oral history interview with Mirjam Pollin

Oral History

Mirjam Pollin, born in 1926 in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), discusses growing up in Hamburg, Germany; her father’s unsuccessful attempts to arrange his family’s immigration to the United States; her parents’ divorce when she was very young; her older sister and older brother; the Nazi’s rise to power; her father’s arrest in April 1933 after a boycott against Jewish shops; the relocation of her sister to the US and her brother to Palestine; her experiences on Kristallnacht; the immigration of her father and his new wife to England; her mother’s death in the Holocaust; being sent in January 1939 to Sweden, where she stayed for eight years; living with a secular Jewish couple in a suburb to Stockholm and attending a regular Swedish school; life as a refugee in Sweden; making friends with a group of teenagers who ran a kibbutz outside of the town of Falun in the county of Dalarna; getting married to a Jewish refugee from Germany named Oshi; going on a ship after the war to Palestine and being interned in Cyprus; escaping the camp; and the nightmares she still experiences.

Oral history interview with Anna Szántó Szabó

Oral History

Oral history interview with Klara Zinner Koves

Oral History

Oral history interview with Felix Kolmer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dora Jurovics Fixer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vera Zinner Aranyi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ágnes Nobel Horlai

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ibolya Szabo Vince

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gianni Polgar

Oral History

Oral history interview with Piero Terracina

Oral History

Oral history interview with Samuel Modiano

Oral History

Oral history interview with Roberto Fischer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Edith Stein Schreiber Bruck

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. Istvan Langermann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Julianna Szigeti Budai

Oral History

Oral history interview with János Kun and Ilona Kramer Kun

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gianni Polgar and Roberto Fischer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Jolán Stern Vadasz

Oral History

Oral history interview with Katalin Káldor Darvas

Oral History

Oral history interview with Edit Fonyo Petőcz

Oral History

Oral history interview with Thérèse Zwiebel Michaely

Oral History

Thérèse Zwiebel Michaely, born April 27, 1943, discusses her family and early life; her father, who was a doctor (specialist in tuberculosis treatment) and moved to France from Romania around 1928 to finish his medical studies; her mother, who was from Austria and was in Paris studying languages; her parents’ marriage in Paris and their French citizenship; her sister’s birth in 1936; her father’s position as the director of a sanatorium along the Belgian border; her father’s mobilization, arrest at the battle of Dunkirk, and imprisonment in a stalag in what is now Poland; her father’s conversion from Judaism to Protestantism after meeting a student with whom he had long discussions day by day about religion; her mother and elder sister living in Paris until the Germans invaded France and they went to Châteauroux; her father falling very ill in the Stalag and being repatriated to Lyon in 1942, at the time of the Pétain legislation forbidding Jews to practice medicine; her family reuniting in Saint-Agrève at the Pension du Lac where there were Jewish and other refugees; her mother’s month-long perilous journey with elder daughter across the Pyrenees crossing the demarcation line to Saint-Agrève; her father journeying from Lyon; her father working with a village doctor (Docteur Tourasse [PH]) and joining the Resistance as a doctor; the hospital at the château de Clavières in Saint-Agrève that treated members of the Resistance; her father being wounded when his car was hit by the US bombardment in August 1944; her father’s death a day later when Thérèse was 15 months old; being raised by her godmother Octavie Jouve [PH], who ran the Pension du Lac, while her mother left for Soissons and then Paris to teach; being raised as a Protestant; the divide in Saint-Agrève between Catholics and Protestants; her marriage to her husband Bernard, a Catholic, which was a shock to her grandmother (she later accepted him); and her three children and seven grandchildren.

Oral history interview with Maxime Friedenberg

Oral History

Maxime Friedenberg, born in 1935 in France, describes his family and early life; his father, who was born in Odessa, Russia; his mother, who was born in 1912 in Poland and immigrated to France at the age of 21; his parents meeting in Lyon, France, where they eventually settled; speaking Yiddish at home; his aunt Bella Barsky [PH], who was a Communist militant whose activism influenced him early in life; his family’s move to Roanne, France, where there was an immigrant Jewish population engaged in various clothing trades; his early experience with antisemitism; the support of the Protestant community; his teacher Maurice Gillot [PH] telling his father to place Maxime in hiding in 1941; being taken in by Mme. Marie Dulac [PH], who was a widow with a home on a farm in Le Buis (possibly Buis-les Baronnies); staying with Mme. Marie Dulac for about a year; his parents going into hiding, aided by Léon Ferbert [PH], the village baker; his family assuming the surname Rigault [SP]; his father's arrest and dispatch to a detention camp in Marseille for eventual deportation; his father saving himself by jumping from a truck and returning to the Chambon-sur-Lignon plateau, where the family again went into hiding aided by Charles Ferié Sabatier [PH]; reuniting with his family; the numerous Jewish families hidden on the plateau, in towns such as Pierre Plantée and Frèsnes; how the hidden Jews were not fed but only provided lodging by the Protestant residents; the ethos of the period which was one of constant worry, fear, and mistrust; and his father and other Jews joining a maquis on the plateau which retrieved arms and other goods from the Allies’ parachute drops in the area and delivered them to the fighting maquis in the area.

Oral history interview with Denise Berro Benn

Oral History

Oral history interview with Herta Plaschkes Kammerling

Oral History

Oral history interview with George Bloch

Oral History

Oral history interview with Walter Sekules

Oral History

Oral history interview with Monique Huberfeld

Oral History

Oral history interview with Walter Kammerling

Oral History

Oral history interview with Andreas Weiss

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gabriella Dénes Goldmann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ida Kerpel Holczer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Mária Zempléni Kiss

Oral History

Oral history interview with Marika Deutsch Krpez

Oral History

Oral history interview with Anna Roza Hauser

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tamás Szigeti

Oral History

Oral history interview with Klára Országh

Oral History

Oral history interview with Anikó Gergely Dési

Oral History

Oral history interview with Rechel Paszternak Nástase

Oral History

Oral history interview with Ziva Grazia Modiano Fischer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Julianna Breuer Foldes

Oral History

Oral history interview with Eva Fargó Cékus

Oral History

Oral history interview with András Szekeres

Oral History

Oral history interview with György Petúr

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tibor Lichtmann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tamás Tauszik

Oral History

Oral history interview with Mária Lőwy Barna

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vera Szekeres-Versa

Oral History

Oral history interview with Márta Fenyves

Oral History

Oral history interview with Bálint Surányi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Magdolna Fisher Palmai

Oral History

Oral history interview with Oliver Szántó

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gianni Parenzo

Oral History

Oral history interview with Michela Caracciolo

Oral History

Oral history interview with László Kende

Oral History

Oral history interview with Anna Erdélyi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Maria Kende

Oral History

Oral history interview with Sándor Krassó

Oral History

Oral history interview with Marco di Porto

Oral History

Oral history interview with Guido Di Veroli

Oral History

Oral history interview with Julianna Haasz Gallai

Oral History

Oral history interview with Danielle Blum Israel

Oral History

Oral history interview with Liliane Benedikt

Oral History

Oral history interview with Andre Panczer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Paulette Rosenberg Angel

Oral History

Oral history interview with Sergio Di Veroli

Oral History

Oral history interview with Bruno Segre

Oral History

Oral history interview with Henriette Mouny Estrade

Oral History

Oral history interview with Rachel Psankiewicz Jedinak

Oral History

Oral history interview with Georgette Blajchmann Montelmacher

Oral History

Oral history interview with Bruno Segre

Oral History

Oral history interview with David Perlmutter

Oral History

Oral history interview with Liliane Fichet-Pint

Oral History

Oral history interview with Yvonne Riss

Oral History

Oral history interview with Marcel Apeloig

Oral History

Oral history interview with Arlette Testyler

Oral History

Oral history interview with Rachelle Wrona

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. Julianna Gidáli

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. György Vilkos Varga

Oral History

Oral history interview with Anna Menzl

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. Mária Szirtes

Oral History

Oral history interview with Janos Boris

Oral History

Oral history interview with Janos Meller

Oral History

Oral history interview with Piero Cividalli

Oral History

Oral history interview with Silvana Ajó

Oral History

Oral history interview with Attilio Lattes

Oral History

Oral history interview with Magdolna Maros Glazer

Oral History

Oral history interview with Bruno di Porto

Oral History

Oral history interview with Henri Stainber

Oral History

Oral history interview with Maurice Bergher

Oral History

Oral history interview with Sarah-Renée Celemencki Bergher

Oral History

Oral history interview with Suzanne Grinblatt

Oral History

Oral history interview with Elie Buzyn

Oral History

Oral history interview with Daniel Wancier

Oral History

Oral history interview with Istvan Buk

Oral History

Oral history interview with Luca Kallos

Oral History

Oral history interview with Gelbert From

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tania Zurcher Lehmann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Richard Lehmann

Oral History

Oral history interview with Cecile Chojnowski

Oral History

Oral history interview with Bernard Kott

Oral History

Oral history interview with Henri Moos

Oral History

Oral history interview with Danielle Morris

Oral History

Oral history interview with Socha Erika Cohen-Brüll

Oral History

Oral history interview with Judit Kaiser

Oral History

Oral history interview with Lydia Piovarcsyová

Oral History

Oral history interview with Pal Barta

Oral History

Oral history interview with Naďa Lambertova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Juliana Filova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Oskar Winkler

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. Sándor Gorog

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. István Körmendi

Oral History

Oral history interview with Maria Enrichetta Carignani Melzi

Oral History

Maria Enrichetta Carignani (née Melzi) discusses being the daughter of Guido Segre, an Italian Jewish entrepreneur who was persecuted by the racial laws (despite his conversion to Catholicism); being baptized and educated as a Catholic; and having to hide during the war because of her Jewish heritage.

Oral history interview with Agnes Valatin Pal

Oral History

Oral history interview with Tina Mieli

Oral History

Oral history interview with Monique Simon

Oral History

Oral history interview with Claude Arnold Boccara

Oral History

Oral history interview with Elvira Feldmarova

Oral History

Oral history interview with Simon Marjenberg

Oral History

Oral history interview with Michel Gerstenhaber

Oral History

Oral history interview with Rosian Zerner-Bagriansky

Oral History

Oral history interview with Pal Zador

Oral History

Oral history interview with Stella Broll Repper

Oral History

Oral history interview with Dr. Péter Révai

Oral History

Oral history interview with Vera Schwartz

Oral History