Three members of the Irgun Brit Zion Zionist youth movement in the Kovno ghetto.
Overview
- Caption
- Three members of the Irgun Brit Zion Zionist youth movement in the Kovno ghetto.
Pictured from left to right are: Nechama Boruchson, Moshe Shapiro and Sara Benjamin Leibson. - Date
-
1943
- Locale
- Kaunas, Lithuania
- Variant Locale
- Kauen
Kovno
Kowno - Photo Credit
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Sara Trozki Koper
- Event History
- The Irgun Brit Zion was a Zionist youth movement founded in Kovno during the Soviet occupation of 1940-1941. Recruiting members from both religious and secular families, the movement sought to preserve and promote Jewish, Hebrew and Zionist culture through an array of cultural programs and their Hebrew publication, Hanitzotz [The Spark]. After the formation of the Kovno ghetto in August 1941, the Irgun Brit Zion resumed its activities and broadened its scope to include safeguarding the physical well-being of the Jewish community. It was one of several Zionist movements operating within the ghetto. Most of its members were high school age youth, but younger children were also recruited. At its peak the movement claimed between 150 and 200 members, who were sub-divided into smaller organizational units. Those involved in the Irgun Brit Zion were pledged to work for a Jewish national homeland, to speak Hebrew and to avenge the blood of their Jewish brethren. Their activities included sponsoring holiday programs, operating an underground library, publishing the clandestine Hebrew newspaper, Hanitzotz, and eventually armed resistance. Among their adult contacts in the ghetto were Dr. Chaim Nachman Shapiro, the director of education and culture, and Ika Grinberg, deputy head of the ghetto police. It was Grinberg who coordinated the Irgun's involvement in armed resistance and trained its youth in the use of firearms smuggled into the ghetto. In the summer of 1943 the Irgun Brit Zion joined forces with other resistance groups in the ghetto to form the Anti-fascist organization. During the final year of the ghetto a few of the Irgun's members escaped to the Rudninkai forest to join partisan units, but most were deported or killed in the final liquidation action. Among those who were deported to Dachau, a small group came together in the last months of the war to produce a few issues of Hanitzotz. On the masthead of the clandestine newspaper were the words of the Zionist national anthem, Hatikvah [The Hope]: "Od lo avda tikvateinu" [We have not yet lost hope].
Rights & Restrictions
- Photo Source
-
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumProvenance: Sara Trozki KoperSource Record ID: Collections: Exh. Loan: Koper, Sara Trozki - Published Source
- Hidden History of the Kovno Ghetto - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Little, Brown and Company - p.193
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Artifact Photographer
- Edward Owen, USHMM Artifact Photographer
- Biography
- Hana Trozki was a Jewish teenager from Kovno. This photograph is one of a collection of prewar and ghetto images that she pasted into a multi-volume journal. She kept the collection throughout the war and buried it beneath the ghetto before going into hiding in the summer of 1944. Hana Trozki, who was a member of the Irgun Brit Zion Zionist youth movement, was among the approximately 2,000 Jews remaining in the Kovno ghetto in June 1944 after the mass deportation actions that were to have liquidated the ghetto. These Jews had evaded capture by escaping into a number of malinas (bunkers and other hiding places) in the ghetto. With the Red Army fast approaching the city, the Germans initiated an action on July 8, 1944 to "smoke out" the remaining Jews. Hana died in the action, but not before preparing a will indicating the three hiding places in which she had stowed the volumes of her journal. These were recovered by her sister, Sara Trozki (now Koper), who, together with her mother, had survived imprisonment in the Stutthof concentration camp and returned to Kovno in June 1945. Fearing the consequences of being caught by the Soviet authorities with the journal, Sara removed the photographs and burned the three notebooks containing the text of the journal. Sara and her mother were the only members of the immediate family to survive the war. Her father, Israel, and brother, Itzhak Zeev, perished in Dachau.
- Record last modified:
- 2020-06-29 00:00:00
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1054444
