Mark N. Holocaust testimony (HVT-375) interviewed by Abraham Kay,

Videotape testimony of Mark N., who was born in Soymy, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (Czechoslovakia after World War I, presently Ukraine), in 1908, one of eight children. He recounts cordial relations with non-Jews; joining the Czech army in 1928; serving for two years; Zionist agricultural training in Ostrava in 1936; emigrating to Haifa; returning home at his parents' request; military service in 1938; Hungarian occupation; draft into a Hungarian slave labor battalion in 1940; slave labor at various locations; returning home on leave in 1941; learning that his family had been deported; finding one sister in Khust; hiding with friends in Kamʹi︠a︡net︠s︡ʹ-Podilʹsḱyĭ; their arrest; a German forcing him to dig his own grave; killing the soldier and escaping; forays with a partisan group against Germans for a month; joining the Czech army in Chernivt︠s︡i in 1944; liberating concentration camps; assisting female prisoners from one of them; finding three nephews who had survived; and illegally leaving Czechoslovakia in 1949. Mr. N. discusses losing hope during the war; persistent painful memories; and reluctance to share his experience with his wife and children, despite their interest. He shows a photograph.