Mala S. Holocaust testimony (HVT-1177) interviewed by Freda Remmers and Robert Roth,

Videotape testimony of Mala S., who was born in Kraków, Poland. She recalls her family's affluence; pervasive antisemitism; summer vacations in the country; returning to Kraków in 1939 on the last train prior to German invasion; anti-Jewish regulations; confiscation of her father's business; ghettoization; forced labor clearing snow from streets, then in a brick factory; her parents' and sister's deportation in June 1942 (she never saw them again); remaining with her brother; shooting of the old age home residents, including her grandmother; transfer to Płaszów; public hangings and beating of every tenth prisoner (she was severely beaten) after an escape attempt; transfer to Skarżysko; working in spite of being sick; transfer to Leipzig; Allied bombings; singing prayers at night prior to the Jewish New Year; a death march; liberation by Soviet troops; traveling to Kraków, then the American zone; and learning her brother had been killed. Ms. S. discusses relations in camp between ethnic groups and finding three cousins had survived, her only remaining family.