Cipa R. Holocaust testimony (HVT-1708) interviewed by Toby Blum-Dobkin and Gabriele Schiff,

Videotape testimony of Cipa R., who was born in Nizhneye Krivche, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (presently Ukraine) in 1901. She recalls her family's affluence; their impoverishment after Soviet occupation; German invasion; forced relocation to Mel'nytsya-Podil's'ka; ghettoization in Borschiv; hiding in a bunker with twenty-two people, including her husband, their two children, and other relatives; collapse of the bunker roof resulting in the deaths of fifteen; local Poles hiding her family, a niece, and two cousins; liberation by Soviet troops; living in Borshchiv; assistance from Poles; antisemitic harassment and violence by Ukrainians; moving to Bytom; illegally traveling to Germany; living in Zigenhain displaced persons camp, then in Berlin, and for four years in Kassel; obtaining papers to emigrate to the United States in Butzbach; moving to Bremen; emigration to the United States; and assistance from HIAS.