Karl K. Holocaust testimony (HVT-3997)

Videotape testimony of Karl K., who was born in Vienna, Austria in 1916, one of two brothers. He recounts attending public school, then gymnasium; playing sports for Maccabi; his older brother's emigration to Palestine in 1935; military draft in 1937; the Anschluss; expulsion from the army with other Jewish soldiers two months later; increasing antisemitism; round-up with his father on Kristallnacht; his father's release due to his age; deportation to Dachau; slave labor cleaning nearby houses; assistance from the non-Jewish blockaltester; release on June 6 based on his pledge to emigrate within a month; his parents obtaining a ticket for him to Shanghai; traveling to Trieste, intending to emigrate to Palestine; his mother writing that his father had died; failed attempts to obtain papers for Palestine; traveling illegally to Banghāzī; capture and imprisonment in Naples; brief incarceration in Ferramonti, a few years in Nereto, then Giulianova; forced labor building roads; escaping to Nereto; hiding with assistance from a non-Jew; moving to Rome; liberation; and illegal emigration to Palestine in 1945. He notes hardly feeling the war due to the help of Italians.