Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Matted and framed image depicting three figures on horses. The first is a skeleton in a Nazi uniform pointing the way to the other two figures, Adolph Hitler, and a Japanese leader. A vulture flies above the three men. Title in the bottom left corner. Signed "Arthur Szyk, N.Y. 1941," in the bottom right corner. New York, United States. 1941. Title in German.
- Artwork Title
- Lebensraum [Living space]
- Date
-
creation:
1941
- Geography
-
creation:
New York (N.Y.)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Leo Solet
- Signature
- "Arthur Szyk, N.Y. 1941," in the bottom right corner
- Contributor
-
Artist:
Arthur Szyk
- Biography
-
Arthur Szyk (1894-1951) was born to Jewish parents, Solomon and Eugenia Szyk in Łódź, Poland, which at the time was part of the Russian Empire. He had his first public art exhibition at age 15, and then went to Paris, France, for formal art training at the Academie Julian. He visited Palestine in 1914 with a group of Polish-Jewish artists and studied Muslim art. Upon his return, he was conscripted into the Russian Army and served in World War I. He married Julia Liekerman in 1916, and they had a son, George, in 1917. In 1918, Poland regained independence, but continued to fight a series of regional wars to secure its boundaries. Between 1919 and 1920, during Poland's war against the Soviet Bolsheviks, Syzk served as a cavalry officer and artistic director of the Department of Propaganda for the Polish Army in Łódź. In 1921, he and his family moved to Paris where his daughter, Alexandra was born the following year.
Szyk was well known for his illuminations and book illustrations, in a style reminiscent of Persian miniatures. He worked on several significant projects in France, including illustrating the Statute of Kalisz, the Haggadah, and a series of watercolors on the American Revolutionary War. The themes of his most admired works, democracy and Judaism, were already well established, earning him both fame and significant commissions. In 1934, Szyk traveled to the United States for exhibitions of his work and to receive the George Washington Bicentennial Medal, awarded by the US Congress. He resided in England from 1937-1940 to supervise the publication of the Haggadah. In 1939, following Germany's invasion of Poland, he focused on producing anti-Nazi editorial cartoons published in many Western newspapers and magazines. During the German occupation of Poland, his 70 year old mother, Eugenia, and her Polish companion were forced to live in the Łódź ghetto. In 1943, they were transported to Majdanek concentration camp and killed.
In late 1940, Szyk immigrated to the United States with his family. He became a leading anti-Fascist political caricaturist as well as an advocate for Jewish rescue. In addition to his widely published satirical art, Szyk devoted a great deal of time and energy to the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe, and pushed for the establishment of an independent Jewish state in Palestine. Szyk received his US citizenship in 1948. In 1951, he was investigated by the United States House Un-American Activities Committee as a suspected Communist. His son, speaking on his behalf, declared his non-affiliation with any Communist organization. Later that year, on September 13, Szyk suffered a heart attack and died at age 57.
Physical Details
- Language
- German
- Classification
-
Art
- Category
-
Drawings
- Object Type
-
Drawing (lcsh)
- Physical Description
- Matted and framed image depicting three figures on horses. The first is a skeleton in a Nazi uniform pointing the way to the other two figures, Adolph Hitler, and a Japanese leader. A vulture flies above the three men. Title in the bottom left corner. Signed "Arthur Szyk, N.Y. 1941," in the bottom right corner. New York, United States. 1941.
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 9.490 inches (24.105 cm) | Width: 11.300 inches (28.702 cm) | Depth: 0.430 inches (1.092 cm)
- Materials
- overall : paper, ink, glass, wood, paint, adhesive, graphite
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
- Personal Name
- Szyk, Arthur, 1894-1951.
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- Created by Arthur Szyk, 1941, New York. Acquired by Mr. Meeks (donor's patient), 1940-1941. Purchased by Dr. Leo Solet from Mr. Meeks, 1946. Donated to the USHMM in 1991 by Dr. Leo Solet.
- Record last modified:
- 2022-07-28 18:21:37
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn4778
Also in Leo Solet collection
Collection includes two drawings by Arthur Szyk. The first is untitled; watercolor and ink on paper. Matted and framed image depicting an old woman and a young boy. Both are wearing white armbands with a blue Star of David. She has a sack on her shoulder and the boy is carrying a cane or walking stick. Signed, "Arthur Szyk, London, 1940," in the upper right hand corner. Taped to the back is a piece of paper which reads, "To Mrs. Meeks with compliments of Arthur Szyk (signature), Washington, Jan. 1942." London, England. The second drawing is titled "Lebensraum" and depicts three figures on horses. The first is a skeleton in a Nazi uniform pointing the way to the other two figures, Adolph Hitler, and a Japanese leader. A vulture flies above the three men. Signed "Arthur Szyk, N.Y. 1941."
Arthur Szyk drawing
Object
Drawing, untitled. Watercolor and ink on paper. Matted and framed image depicting an old woman and a young boy. Both are wearing white armbands with a blue Star of David. She has a sack on her shoulder and the boy is carrying a cane or walking stick. Signed, "Arthur Szyk, London, 1940," in the upper right hand corner. Taped to the back is a piece of paper which reads, "To Mrs. Meeks with compliments of Arthur Szyk (signature), Washington, Jan. 1942." London, England.