Primo Levi manuscript collection

Primo Levi was born on July 31, 1919 in Turin, Italy, son of Cesare Levi and Ester Luzzati Levi. His sister Anna Maria was born in 1921. As a child, Levi had a basic Jewish religious education, and was Bar Mitzvahed at age 13. He became passionate about chemistry at age 14, focusing his high school studies on science. In October 1937, he enrolled as a chemistry student at the University of Turin, graduating cum laude in July 1941. His diploma noted that he was "of the Jewish race." In July 1942, Levi moved to Milan to work at Wander, a Swiss drug company, and then in November he and his friends made contact with members of an anti-Fascist organization and joined the clandestine Action Party. The following summer, after the fall of the Fascist government and the German invasion of Italy, Levi quit his job and joined a partisan group in Valle d'Aosta in the Alps. On December 13, 1943, Levi was arrested near Brusson with others and taken to the Fossoli transit camp. In February 1944, the Germans took over operation of Fossoli, and Levi was sent on transport to Auschwitz, with approximately 650 others prisoners. Only 95 men and 29 women from this transport were selected for labor, all the others were immediately killed in the gas chambers. Levi was tattooed with prisoner number 174517 and sent to Monowitz. During that time, he met and befriended Lorenzo Perrone who was working as a mason for an Italian company that had moved to Auschwitz. Perrone helped Levi by providing him with extra rations, and other goods. Levi credited Perrone with saving his life, and Perrone was recognized in 1998 as Righteous Among the Nations for his actions. Levi was sick with scarlet fever when the Germans evacuated the camp as the Russian army advanced on the camp in early 1945, and he was liberated by the Russian Army on January 27, 1945. Levi lived in a Soviet transit camp in Katowice, Poland for several months and then after some time in a camp in Belarus, he and other Italian former prisoners were repatriated back to Italy. He returned to his family home in October 1945. In 1946, after beginning work as a chemist at a paint factory outside of Turin, Levi began writing what would become "If This Is a Man," which was titled "Survival in Auschwitz" in later English editions. The book was published in Italy in 1947, and he had a continued career as both a chemist and award winning author of multiple novels, short stories, and autobiographical works. Levi married Lucia Morpurgo in 1946, they had two children Lisa and Renzo. Levi died in Turin on April 11, 1987, and his death was ruled suicide by Italian authorities.