Overview
- Brief Narrative
- 1 (eine) mark receipt issued in the Łódź ghetto acquired by Wanda Neumark. The Germans used ghettos to segregate and control the Jewish population. All currency and valuables were confiscated and, in Łódź, a system of scrip or Quittungen [receipts] that could be exchanged only in the ghetto was implemented. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Wanda, 20, her parents Salomon and Ewa, and her younger sisters Hela and Teresa were confined to the Radomsko ghetto. Wanda escaped with the help of Henryk Wroblewski and assumed a non-Jewish identity as Natalia Władysława Drozdowska. Her parents were murdered in Treblinka killing center in September 1942. Wanda was liberated in Busko-Zdroj by Soviet forces in January 1945. The war ended when Germany surrendered that May. Wanda and her sisters left for Austria. In June 1946, Wanda married a Jewish American soldier Jacob Lomazow and immigrated to the United States that October.
- Date
-
issue:
1940 May 15
- Geography
-
issue:
Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland);
Łódź (Poland)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Steven M. Lomazow
- Markings
- face, serial number, upper right, red ink : A Nº 292147
face, center, black ink : Quittung / über / Eine Mark / Der Aelteste der Juden / in Litzmannstadt / M. Rumkowski / Litzmannstadt, den 15 Mai 1940 [[Receipt for Two Mark / The Eldest of the Jews in Litzmannstadt M Rumkowski Litzmannstadt, May 15 1940]
face, lower right corner, black ink : 1
back, center, black ink : Quittung / über / Eine Mark
back, left and right center, black ink : 1
back, lower center, black ink : WER DIESE QUITTUNG VERFÄLSCHT ODER NACH. / MACHT ODER GEFÄLSCHTE QUITTUNGEN IN / VERKEHR BRINGT / WIRD STRENGSTENS BESTRAFT [ANYONE WHO FALSIFIES OR COPIES THIS RECEIPT, OR TRAFFICS IN COUNTERFEIT RECEIPTS, WILL BE STRICTLY PUNISHED]
back, lower left corner, black ink : 1 - Contributor
-
Subject:
Wanda Lomazow
- Biography
-
Wanda Neumark (Neimark) was born in Łódź, Poland, in 1919 to Ewa and Salomon Neumark. She had two younger sisters, Hala, (later Helen Fagin) born in 1922, and Teresa, born in 1930. They were raised in Radomsko. In September 1939, Germany invaded and occupied Poland. The Jewish population of Radomsko were confined to a ghetto. Wanda escaped the ghetto with the help of Henryk Wroblewski. She assumed a non-Jewish alias, Natalia Władysława Drozdowska. She was living in Busko-Zdrój when the city was liberated in January 1945 by Soviet forces. The war ended when Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945. She learned that her parents were deported and murdered in Treblinka killing center in September 1942. Wanda and her sisters left for Austria. Wanda worked for United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Wels and Badgstein displaced persons camps. In June 1946, Wanda married a Jewish American soldier Jacob Lomazow (1917-2012) and, in October, immigrated to the United States. Wanda, 67, passed away in 1986.
Physical Details
- Language
- German
- Classification
-
Exchange Media
- Category
-
Money
- Object Type
-
Scrip (aat)
- Physical Description
- Łódź scrip on rectangular, offwhite paper printed in black and green ink. The face has a square trellis pattern underprint. The denomination 1 is in the lower right corner. There is a 1.25 inch right margin, then a bordered rectangle with a background of interlocked Stars of David; around this rectangle is a border of barbed wire links alternating with Stars of David. In the upper left corner is a large Star of David in a circle. A smaller Star of David within a brown square and the serial letter and number in red ink replace the right border. In the center is the denomination Eine Mark and German text. The back has the denomination 1 in the lower left corner. There is a 1.25 inch left margin, then a bordered rectangle with a background of interlocked Stars of David. In the center is a 7 branched menorah flanked by the denomination 1 within a set of 9 concentric rings overlaid by a banner with the denomination Eine Mark. The scrip is in like new condition.
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm)
- Materials
- overall : paper, ink
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The scrip was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1989 by Steven Lomazow.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Record last modified:
- 2022-07-28 18:21:08
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn906
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Also in Wanda Lomazow collection
The collection consists of two pieces of Łódź ghetto scrip, documents, and a photograph relating to the experiences of Wanda Lomazow during the Holocaust when she lived under a false identity and after the Holocaust when she worked for United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in Wels and Badgstein displaced persons camps, married Jacob Lomazow, and emigrated to the United States.
Date: approximately 1942-1946
Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 20 mark note, owned by a Polish Jewish survivor
Object
20 (zwanzig) mark receipt issued in the Łódź ghetto acquired by Wanda Neumark. The Germans used ghettos to segregate and control the Jewish population. All currency and valuables were confiscated and a system of scrip or Quittungen [receipts] that could be exchanged only in the ghetto was implemented. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Wanda, 20, her parents Salomon and Ewa, and her younger sisters Hela and Teresa were confined to the Radomsko ghetto. Wanda escaped with the help of Henryk Wroblewski and assumed a non-Jewish identity as Natalia Władysława Drozdowska. Her parents were murdered in Treblinka killing center in September 1942. Wanda was liberated in Busko-Zdroj by Soviet forces in January 1945. The war ended when Germany surrendered that May. Wanda and her sisters left for Austria. In June 1946, Wanda married a Jewish American soldier Jacob Lomazow and immigrated to the United States that October.
Wanda Lomazow papers
Document
The Wanda Lomazow papers consist of identification papers under Wanda Lomazow's married name, maiden name, and false identity; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) employment certificates in Wanda Lomazow's maiden name and false identity; travel permits for Wanda and Jacob Lomazow; the Lomazows' marriage certificate; and a photograph of Wanda Lomazow documenting Wanda Lomazow's survival of the Holocaust under a false identity, her postwar work for the UNRRA at the Wels and Bad Gastein displaced persons camps, her marriage to Jacob Lomazow, and her immigration to the United States.
