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Group portrait of 52 former Jewish internees of Mauritius in an army unit in Mombasa, Kenya. They would later officially become part of the Jewish Brigade.

Photograph | Digitized | Photograph Number: 08749

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    Group portrait of 52 former Jewish internees of Mauritius in an army unit in Mombasa, Kenya. They would later officially become part of the Jewish Brigade.
    Group portrait of 52 former Jewish internees of Mauritius in an army unit in Mombasa, Kenya.  They would later officially become part of the Jewish Brigade.

Among those pictured are Hersh Makowski, Werner Szerevski, Heinrich Wellisch, Eric Gross and Israel Makowski.

    Overview

    Caption
    Group portrait of 52 former Jewish internees of Mauritius in an army unit in Mombasa, Kenya. They would later officially become part of the Jewish Brigade.

    Among those pictured are Hersh Makowski, Werner Szerevski, Heinrich Wellisch, Eric Gross and Israel Makowski.
    Date
    April 1945
    Locale
    Mombasa, Kenya
    Photo Credit
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Dr. Stuart Cagen

    Rights & Restrictions

    Photo Source
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    Provenance: Dr. Stuart Cagen

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Biography
    Heinrich (now Henry) Wellisch is the son of Emil Wellisch and Jolan Deutsch Wellisch. He was born in Vienna on September 22, 1922. Both his parents were of Hungarian origin, however, his father was born in Galicia while his grandfather was temporarily there on business. The family moved to Vienna in the 1890s. Heinrich attended commercial school but had to abandon his studies due to the political circumstances. Instead, he apprenticed himself to a Jewish cabinetmaker in Vienna and also joined the Zionist Youth movement, Techelet Lavan (Blue and White). Following the Anschluss the Wellisch family tried unsuccessfully to leave Austria. Eventually a cousin in America sent Heinrich an affidavit in early September 1939, but later in the fall he received a deportation notice for Poland (the Nisko affair). Heinrich thought it would be unwise to wait for the papers from America and that he should try to leave immediately, if possible, to avoid deportation. Fortunately he was able to join one of the "illegal" transports for Palestine, and on December 24, 1939 he left for Bratislava to join several hundred other Viennese Jews waiting for the transport to get underway. This happened only in September 1940 when approximately 3600 Jews, including Heinrich's parents, who had decided to join the transport, sailed down the Danube to Romania. This huge transport set sail from Tulcea on three dilapidated Greek steamers, the Milos, the Pacific and the Atlantic. Heinrich and his parents were on the last. The ship was dangerously overcrowded and lacked adequate food and sanitation. When on October 16, they arrived at Crete, they could not continue as the ship had run out of coal. With the help of Greek Jewish community they eventually got coal and set sail again on November 8 only to again run out almost immediately. When the ship came to a stop in the middle of the Mediterranean, the passengers stripped the ship’s wood for fuel and eventually reached Cyprus where the British authorities gave them coal and a military escort. They arrived in Haifa thinking their problems were over. However, upon their arrival, the British announced their intention to transfer the passengers to the Patria, a French passenger liner, for deportation to Mauritius as a way of deterring future illegal immigration. They had completed the transfer of refugees from the Pacific and the Milos, which had arrived earlier, and were beginning to offload the Atlantic, when the Patria suddenly exploded and sank. The Haganah with the help of passengers, had planted explosives in order to disable the vessel and prevent its sailing. Due to a tragic miscalculation, the ship capsized killing over 250 of the 1800 on board. British authorities decided to allow the survivors to remain in Palestine but to continue with the deportation of the rest of the passengers from the Atlantic, including the Wellisch family. The 1780 Jewish refugees arrived two weeks later in Beau Bassin on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. The men were interned in a former prison, the women in adjacent corrugated iron huts. However, they were free to organize religious, social and cultural activities. Men and women were strictly separated and were only allowed to meet in an open area during daylight hours. Eventually married women were permitted to visit their husbands in the men's camp, but also only during daylight hours. After the arrival of the refugees, typhoid and malaria epidemics broke out, and Jolan Wellisch came down with both but luckily recovered. During the four years on the island, 128 refugees died there. Using the skills he had begun to acquire before leaving Vienna, Heinrich spent his time working in a carpentry shop making furniture. In the fall of 1944, Heinrich, along with a group of other young men, enlisted in the Jewish Brigade of the British army. He left Mauritius in the beginning of 1945 and began military training in the Suez Canal area. However, he only arrived in Belgium in the summer of 1945. His unit, a transport company, was later transferred to Holland, where they spent much of their time illegally transporting Jewish refugees bound for Palestine. In August 1945, the British finally granted the Mauritius internees permission to come to Palestine. Jolan and Emil settled in Kirjat Haim near Haifa. In October 1946, Heinrich was discharged from the army and joined his parents in Palestine. In May 1948 Heinrich joined the Israeli army and participated in the War of Independence. In May 1951, he and his parents immigrated to Canada to reunite with other relatives.

    Hersh (Harry) Makowski is the son of Eliezer (Lejser) Makowski (b. Czechanow, 1878) and Frejda nee Rozensztejn Makowski (b. Zuromin, 1887). Hersh was born on February 23, 1922. He had eight older siblings: Molly, Fela, Abraham, Cheil (b. 1907), Rose, Israel, Genia (Golda) and Oved (Albert, b. 1917). Eliezer first worked as a businessman delivering goods to other stores in Zielun, and then moved to Danzig where he became a religious teacher. Rose moved to Great Britain before the war. She married a U.S. army serviceman in 1946 and emigrated to the U.S. with their daughter in 1947. In 1939 Cheil escaped Poland soon after the start of the war and attempted to immigrate to Palestine and joined a group of young Zionists that had gathered in Bratislava. They got to Kladovo, Yugoslavia but couldn't go further. Cheil was imprisoned and murdered by the Nazis in October 1941. Israel, Fela, Genia and Hersh left Danzig for Palestine in August 1940. They traveled via Bratislava, Slovakia to Romania, where they boarded an illegal immigrant ship, the Atlantic. Upon their arrival in Palestine the British detained all of the passengers of the ship for a few weeks in Athlit, and in December, they deported the refugees to Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean and kept them there for the duration of the war. In 1945 Hersh and Israel Makowski enlisted in the British Army and later joined the Jewish Brigade. After undergoing training in Egypt, they were sent to Western Europe. Their sisters were released from Mauritius and returned to Palestine in 1945. After the British disbanded the Jewish Brigade, Hersh was allowed to immigrate to Palestine, where he joined the Haganah and worked in ceramic tiling. In 1948 he participated in the War of Independence, under the Alexandroni Brigade and later the Golani Brigade. He moved to the United Stated in 1956 after a lingering amoebic disease he picked up in Mauritius which forced him to move to a cooler climate.
    Record last modified:
    2014-02-19 00:00:00
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