View of Havana harbor with several small boats carrying relatives of St. Louis passengers, Cuban officials and other negotiators seeking to resolve the St. Louis crisis.
Overview
- Caption
- View of Havana harbor with several small boats carrying relatives of St. Louis passengers, Cuban officials and other negotiators seeking to resolve the St. Louis crisis.
- Date
-
June 1939
- Locale
- Havana, Cuba
- Photo Credit
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of Hella Loevinsohn Roubicek
- Event History
- The St. Louis was a German luxury liner carrying more than 930 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to Cuba in May 1939. When the ship set sail from Hamburg on May 13, 1939, all of its refugee passengers bore legitimate landing certificates for Cuba. However, during the two-week period that the ship was en route to Havana, the landing certificates granted by the Cuban director general of immigration in lieu of regular visas, were invalidated by the pro-fascist Cuban government. When the St. Louis reached Havana on May 27 all but 28 of the Jewish refugees were denied entry. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) dispatched Lawrence Berenson to Cuba to negotiate with local officials but Cuban president Federico Laredo Bru insisted that the ship leave Havana harbor. The refugees were likewise refused entry into the United States. Thus on June 6 the ship was forced to return to Europe. While en route to Antwerp several European countries were cajoled into taking in the refugees (287 to Great Britain; 214 to Belgium; 224 to France; 181 to the Netherlands). Only those who were accepted by Great Britain found relative safety. The others were soon to be subject once again to Nazi rule with the German invasion of western Europe in the spring of 1940. A fortunate few succeeded in emigrating before this became impossible. In the end, many of the St. Louis passengers who found temporary refuge in Belgium, France and the Netherlands died at the hands of the Nazis, but the majority survived the war.
Rights & Restrictions
- Photo Source
-
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Copyright: United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumProvenance: Hella Loevinsohn RoubicekSource Record ID: Collections: 1998.44.
Keywords & Subjects
- Keyword
- BOATS PORTS PORTS (HAVANA) SHIPS SHIPS (ST. LOUIS) VIEWS
Administrative Notes
- Biography
- Hella Roubicek (born Hella Loevinsohn) was born in 1926 in Frankfurt, Germany. Her father was arrested on Kristallnacht. Her sister, who was living in the United States, managed to assist him in emigrating from Germany to Cuba. He then secured permits for Hella and her mother, Edith (b.1892) on board the St. Louis. They disembarked in Belgium and arrived in the United States in February 1940.
- Record last modified:
- 2012-11-21 00:00:00
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1108301
