Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Prisoner patch with red triangle and number 131753 possibly owned by Charlotte Wollheim.
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum collection, gift of Charlotte Wollheim
- Contributor
-
Subject:
Norbert Wollheim
- Biography
-
Norbert Wollheim was born in Berlin, Germany, on April 26, 1913 to Jewish parents. His father was a veteran of World War I, 1914-1918. Norbert was active in the German Jewish Youth Alliance. Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. In April, Norbert was expelled from law school at the University of Berlin because of the Nazis’ anti-Jewish laws. From 1935 through 1938, he worked as a clerk and scientific worker at an ore firm, Rawack and Grünfeld AG in Berlin-Charlottenburg. He married Rosa Mandelbrod on May 21, 1938. In September 1938 , he was dismissed from his job because he was Jewish. Following the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom, at the request of the German Jewish Community, Norbert helped arrange and escort twenty transports that took thousands of Jewish children to safety in Britain. The last Kindertransport left Berlin on August 29, 1939. Norbert continued to work for the leadership of the Jewish community, now renamed the Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland (Union of Jews in Germany).
In 1941, Norbert was drafted to perform forced labor. In February 1943, he and his family were arrested and taken to the Grosse Hamburger Strasse assembly center. On March 11, they were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. His pregnant wife, Rosa, and their 3-year old son, Uriel perished there. Norbert’s arm was tattooed with the number 107984. He was one of 25,000 Jews used as slave labor to build a synthetic-rubber plant for I.G. Farben in Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna). On January 18, 1945, the prisoners made a forced march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the members of the evacuation transport traveled to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg near Berlin. On April 20, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners marched under SS guard towards an undisclosed location. On the night of May 2, Wollheim fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945.
Not wanting to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin, Wollheim went to Lübeck, where he helped to organize a community of 800 Jewish displaced persons. He was informed that 30,000 survivors lived in the nearby Bergen-Belsen DP camp, formerly a concentration camp. He visited the British controlled DP camp, and with Joseph Rosensaft, organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg (1921-1977), a German Jewish woman he met in Bergen-Belsen. They had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert appeared as a witness during the Nuremberg trials and at the trial against Nazi sympathizer film director and actor Veit Harlan.
Towards the end of 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities, detained on Ellis Island, and threatened with deportation. Finally, in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Wollheim successfully sued I.G. Farben, arguing that the manufacturer should compensate him for two years’ work. The lawsuit opened the way for a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Wollheim studied accounting at New York University and was granted certification in 1962. After Friedel’s passing in 1977, he married the former Charlotte Sprung. They resided in Queens, NY. Norbert had a successful accounting career until his retirement in 1991. Norbert played a leading role in the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone [of Germany], in the World Federation of Bergen-Belsen Survivors, and in the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors. He was also member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. Norbert, 85, died on November 1, 1998.
Physical Details
- Classification
-
Identifying Artifacts
- Category
-
Badges
- Object Type
-
Badges (lcsh)
- Physical Description
- Prisoner patch with red triangle and number "131753."
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm)
- Materials
- overall : cloth, ink
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The badge was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1999 by Charlotte Wollheim, the wife of Norbert Wollheim.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Record last modified:
- 2024-10-03 12:20:54
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn35754
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Also in Norbert Wollheim collection
The collection consists of artifacts relating to the experiences of Norbert Wollheim in Berlin, Germany, before and during the Holocaust, as an inmate in several concentration camps during the Holocaust, and as a refugee in displaced persons camps in Germany after the Holocaust.
Wool sweater vest worn by a German Jewish displaced person
Object
Sweater vest owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Black wool headband worn by a German Jewish displaced person
Object
Headband owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Concentration camp inmate uniform cap worn by a German Jewish inmate
Object
Concentration camp inmate uniform cap worn by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Knitted black wool cap worn by a German Jewish displaced person
Object
Black wool knit cap worn by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Sport shirt worn by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Shirt owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Plaid handkerchief used by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Checked handkerchief owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Prisoner patch with red triangle and number issued to a German Jewish prisoner
Object
Prisoner patch with red triangle and number 107984 issued to Norbert Wollheim when he was imprisoned in Auschwitz. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Scarf worn by a German Jewish displaced person
Object
Sweater vest owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Blue shirt with white stripes worn by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Shirt owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Print owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Print owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Plate used by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Plate owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Medal issued to a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Medal owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Money acquired by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Money acquired by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Award issued to a German Jewish refugee
Object
Awards issued to Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Award issued to a German Jewish refugee
Object
Awards issued to Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Box owned by a German Jewish refugee
Object
Box owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Award issued to a German Jewish refugee
Object
Award issued to Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Box owned by a German Jewish refugee
Object
Box owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pen owned by a German Jewish refugee
Object
Pen owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Medal issued to a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Medal owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pipe owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pipe owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Identification badge owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Identification badge owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Award issued to a German Jewish refugee
Object
Award issued to Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Award issued to a German Jewish refugee
Object
Award issued to Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Box owned by a German Jewish refugee
Object
Box owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pocketknife owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pocketknife owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Money acquired by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Coin acquired by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Money acquired by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Coin acquired by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Money acquired by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Coin acquired by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Document owned by a German Jewish refugee
Object
Certificate owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Pin owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Pin owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. Burt in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
Star of David badge owned by a German Jewish displaced person and camp survivor
Object
Star of David badge owned by Norbert Wollheim. Due to the anti-Jewish policies of the Nazi dictatorship that ruled Germany beginning in 1933, Norbert, 20, who lived in Berlin, was expelled from law school in 1933 and fired from his job in 1938. That year, he helped arrange for Jewish children to escape Germany on kindertransports. In February 1942, he and his wife Rose and 3 year old son Uriel were deported to Auschwitz where Rose and Uriel were killed. Norbert was sent to Auschwitz III-Monowitz (Buna) as slave labor for I.G. Farben. On January 18, 1945, he underwent a death march from Auschwitz to Gleiwitz. From there, the prisoners were sent to Czechoslovakia, Austria, back to Czechoslovakia, and finally to Berlin on January 31. They were taken to Heinkel, a satellite camp of Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg. On April 20, the camp was evacuated by forced march. On May 2, Norbert fled to nearby Schwerin (Mecklenburg), where he was liberated by American troops on May 3, 1945. Norbert did not want to return to Soviet-controlled Berlin so he went first to Lubeck and then to Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp in Germany. With Joseph Rosensaft, he organized the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the British Zone. He married Frieda (Friedel) Senta Löwenberg, a German Jewish survivor and had two children. In the late 1940s, Norbert was a witness during the Nuremberg trials. In late 1950, Norbert and his family moved to the United States. They were twice arrested by the immigration authorities and threatened with deportation. But in 1952, they were legally admitted to the US. In 1951, Norbert successfully sued I.G. Farben for compensate for two years’ work as a slave laborer. The law suit led to a settlement with I.G. Farben that established a fund of $ 6.43 million to compensate other Jewish laborers.
