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Brown hat with a triangular patch bearing a J and initials worn by John Bolé

Object | Accession Number: 2011.174.2

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    Brown hat with a triangular patch bearing a J and initials worn by John Bolé
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    Overview

    Brief Narrative
    Brown cap with two patches worn by John (born Ivan Johann) Bolé, 29, in Buchenwald concentration camp from November 1944 until April 1945. The J (for Jugoslawisch) and the red inverted triangle indicated the wearer was a Yugoslavian political prisoner. The striped patch represents the Yugoslavian flag. John, a Catholic, was a lawyer in Laibach, Yugoslavia (Ljubljana, Slovenia) when the Axis powers, led by Nazi Germany, invaded in April 1941. Laibach was annexed by Italy. John went to Venice with the Slovenian Red Cross. In September 1944, he was arrested by the German SS for smuggling a radio transmitter into Trieste. In November, John was sent to Buchenwald in Germany and assigned prisoner number 67186. He was assigned to work commando A6 in Wanz-leben am See. The camp was liberated on April 11, 1945, by US troops. Germany surrendered on May 7. John lived as a displaced person in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, and immigrated to America in 1950.
    Date
    use:  approximately 1944 November-1945 April
    Geography
    use: Buchenwald (Concentration camp); Weimar (Thuringia, Germany)
    Credit Line
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Lorraine DeMaio
    Contributor
    Subject: John J. Bolé
    Biography
    John (previously Ivan Johann, 1916-1978) Bolé was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, to Catholic parents, Ivan and Danica Strekelj Bolé. The family moved to Laibach, Yugoslavia (Ljubljana, Slovenia). Danica died on November 14, 1929, in Laibach. John completed five years of university education. He received his diploma from the University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Law, in January 1941 and became an attorney. He spoke Czech, Slovenian, German, Italian, French, and Serbo-Croatian.

    On April 6, 1941, the Axis powers, Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Bulgaria, invaded and divided Yugoslavia. Laibach was in the area occupied and annexed by Italy. John went to Venice, Italy, with the Slovenian Red Cross. On September 19, 1944, he was caught attempting to smuggle a radio transmitter across the border and was arrested by the German SS security force in Trieste. John was sent to Buchenwald concentration camp, arriving on November 19. He was designated a political prisoner, assigned prisoner number 67186, and housed in Block 17. He was assigned to work commando A6 in Wanz-leben am See. Buchenwald was liberated on April 11, 1945, by American forces. The war ended when Germany surrendered on May 7.

    In June 1945, John was repatriated from Mittenwald displaced person camp to a DP camp in Rome, Italy. In 1946, he was employed by the Allied Military Government as a school director in the Gorizia region of Italy, near the Slovenian border. In fall 1948, John was living in Bagnoli DP camp near Naples, run by the IRO [International Refugee Organization.] On January 16, 1950, John left for the United States, sailing from Bremerhaven, Germany, on the General JH McRae, and arriving in New York on January 26. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1955 and changed his name to John. He went on to have a successful career in international banking. He married Martina, nee Kosuchowski, on May 4, 1957, and they had a son, Michael, and a daughter, Lorraine.

    Physical Details

    Language
    German
    Classification
    Dress Accessories
    Category
    Headgear
    Physical Description
    Brown, machine-knit wool cap with a rounded top and a straight, hemmed bottom, sewn from two pieces of cloth. Two patches are sewn on the front in black thread: an inverted red triangle with a stamped, black, letter J and, sewn over the bottom point of the triangle, a rectangular patch made from blue, white, and red cloth stripes sewn together with black thread. Initials are embroidered to the upper left.
    Dimensions
    overall: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm)
    Materials
    overall : cloth, thread, ink
    Inscription
    upper left, embroidered, light brown thread : MAM
    triangle patch, stamped, black ink : J [Jugoslawisch; Yugoslavian]

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    No restrictions on access
    Conditions on Use
    No restrictions on use

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Provenance
    The cap was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2011 by Lorraine DeMaio, the daughter of John Bolé.
    Funding Note
    The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
    Record last modified:
    2023-12-08 12:05:20
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn44118

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