Overview
- Brief Narrative
- Gold and dark blue enamel Freemason tie tack belonging to Armin Veres, born Roth. He was a member of the Galilei Freemason Lodge in Budapest, Hungary. Armin, a lawyer, lived in Budapest with his family. On March 19, 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary and antisemitic laws went into effect. The apartments of many Jews were confiscated and several family members moved in with Armin and his wife, Sari. By June 23, all Jews were forced to move into segregated yellow star buildings and they moved in with a family friend. In November, Armin and Sari were sent to the ghetto, and their children went into hiding. The Soviet Army liberated Pest on January 14, 1945, and Armin and Sari were reunited with their family. Armin died April 1, 1945. The collar was brought to the United States by his son, George, when he emigrated in March 1949.
- Date
-
received:
approximately 1945 April 01
emigration: 1949 March 29
use: 2000
- Geography
-
received:
Budapest (Hungary)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Peter Veres
- Contributor
-
Original owner:
Armin Veres
Subject: Armin Veres
Subject: George S. Veres
Subject: Peter J. Veres
- Biography
-
Armin Roth was born on September 22, 1876, in Magyargyeromonostor, (Manastireni), Romania, into a religious Jewish family. His father, Samuel, was born in 1832, and his mother, Fani, was born 1843. Armin left for Budapest when he was between 13 and 14 years old. He finished school, went to university, and became a lawyer.
He married Sarolta (Sari) Hajossy on June 7, 1903, and had 2 children, George, born on September 7, 1906, and Agi, born in 1908, in Budapest. They did not keep a religious household, observe holidays, or attend synagogue. Armin changed his last name to Veres on September 25, 1906. He was a member of the socialist party and the Freemasons, an illegal, secret fraternal society.
On March 19, 1944, German forces occupied Hungary and anti-Jewish decrees were put in place; Jews had to wear Star of David armbands, move into ghettos, and deportations to concentration camps began. On May 3, apartments and houses belonging to Jews had to be registered and were labeled with a yellow star. Immediate and extended family members moved in with Armin and Sari. By June 23, all Jews were forced to move into yellow star buildings, one family per room. The Veres apartment was not in a yellow star building; a family friend who lived in one allowed the family to move in. Armin and Sari were forced into the ghetto in November and were liberated by the Russian army on January 14, 1945. They were reunited with George and his family and moved back into their apartment. The building had no windows or heat, and there was no food; Armin and George stole what they could.
Armin died on April 1, 1945, at age 69. Sari went to live with her sister in Pest and died in 1953, at 72. George and his family emigrated to the United States on March 29, 1949, and he died on February 1, 1974, at age 67. Agi died in 1974 at age 66.
George Stephen Veres was born on September 7, 1906, in Budapest, Hungary, to Armin Veres, a lawyer, born on September 22, 1876, in Magyargyeromonostor, (Manastireni), Romania, and Sarolta (Sari), born in 1881. His sister Agi was born in 1908 in Budapest. The family was Jewish but not observant.
He worked for Arthur Hahn and Company, a distributor of American and British imports, including Goodyear tires. George, who spoke English, worked in the main office alongside representatives from Goodyear. In 1929, they invited him to the United States and he spent 2-3 months in Akron, Ohio, learning about the tire manufacturing trade. Goodyear offered him the opportunity to open a tire store in Budapest and he became a dealer.
He married Kati Deutsch on December 12, 1937. On March 13, 1938, Nazi Germany annexed Austria and news of Jewish persecution filtered into Hungary. Kati was pregnant at the time and George decided that the baby would be born in England so he would have a British passport and not be identified as a Hungarian Jew. Kati was invited to England by a relative and arrived on August 28. George used his contacts at Goodyear to obtain a visa and arrived in October. Their son, Peter, was born on October 23. So as not to have him registered as Jewish, an Anglican priest baptized the family. They returned to Budapest on November 11.
In 1939, the Hungarian government did not permit Jews to serve in the armed forces and a forced labor service was established. George spent 3 months in a labor camp in Budapest in 1940. From October to December 1941, he spent 2 months in a work group cleaning the grounds of St. John’s Hospital where his son, Paul, was born on June 21; George was permitted to visit him and Kati. Starting on June 3, 1942, George spent the next 29 months in and out of camps. On March 19, 1944, German forces occupied Hungary and George was stationed at a former orphanage in Budapest. The camp commandant, Dr. Attila Juhasz, was a family acquaintance and George worked as his office aide. This arrangement allowed him to leave the camp and send food and messages to his family. Through the camp office, he contacted the Swiss consulate and arranged for his son Peter to live with two Swiss Catholic women. As a British national, Peter was entitled to protection by the Swiss. On November 3, 1944, Kati, her mother Lenke, and Peter went into hiding. On December 12, 1944, George escaped the camp, but was caught, beaten, and sentenced to death. A friend helped him escape again and he found refuge at a Swedish emergency hospital.
The Russians liberated Pest on January 14, 1945. George was reunited with his family, parents, and mother-in- law. On January 23, they returned to his parent’s bomb damaged apartment. The building had no windows or heat, and there was no food; Armin and George stole what they could. In early May, George, Kati, Lenke, and the children moved into Lenke’s pre-occupation family home in Buda. George reopened his tire store with money he got from selling jewelry that he had buried before the war. Armin died on April 1, 1945, in Budapest, and Sari went to live with her sister.
The Veres family and Lenke decided to leave for the United States. It was becoming increasingly difficult to immigrate and they procured visas to Costa Rica via Italy. Peter was the only one with a passport. George bribed a contact with money and two cars in exchange for passports for the rest of the family. In January 1949, they boarded a train for Milan, Italy. When they got to the Costa Rican consulate, they were told that their visas were fake but were issued new ones. George ran into a contact from the American embassy in Budapest whom he knew from his work with Goodyear, and he helped George get transit visas through the U.S. to Costa Rica. Lenke stayed in Italy, awaiting a preferred visa that could be obtained for her once her son, Gabor, who lived in the US, became a citizen. The Veres family sailed on the M/S Sobiesky from Genoa, Italy, and arrived in New York City on March 29, 1949. They did not have the $500 transit deposit needed to enter the country and spent the night at Ellis Island. Gabor, Kati’s brother, paid the fee, and the family officially entered the country on March 30. Due to the Displaced Persons Act passed on June 25, 1948, the family was able to obtain Permanent Residency Cards and remain in the U.S. Lenke arrived on September 21, 1949.
George got a part time office job with Goodyear and became a member of the Hungarian chapter of Freemasons. He bought a partnership in a stamp shop and sold stamps until his retirement in 1971. George died on February 1, 1967, at age 67, in Manhattan. His mother, Sari, died on January 28, 1953 at 72, in Budapest. Lenke died on December 2, 1968, at 81 and Kati on February 20, 1994, both in Manhattan.
Peter Jaos Veres was born on October 23, 1938, in London. His father George, a businessman, was born on September 7, 1906, and his mother, Kati, was born on April 16, 1911, both in Budapest, Hungary. On March 13, 1938, Nazi Germany annexed Austria and news of Jewish persecution filtered into Hungary. Kati was pregnant at the time. George decided the baby would be born in England so he would have a British passport and not be identified as a Hungarian Jew. On August 24, Kati left for London; George arrived in October. After the child, Peter, was born, he was baptized as an Anglican and the family returned to Budapest on November 11.
On March 19, 1944, German forces occupied Hungary and anti-Jewish decrees were put in place; Jews had to wear Star of David armbands, move into designated buildings, and deportations to concentration camps began. Since 1939, George had been in and out of forced labor camps and after the German invasion he was interred at a camp in Budapest. On May 3, 1944, apartments and houses belonging to Jews were registered and labeled with a yellow star. Peter, his mother, and grandmother Lenke moved in with his paternal grandparents on May 11. During bombing raids, the family would hide in the basement. His brother, Paul, was born on June 21, 1944, in Budapest. By June 23, all Jews had to move into yellow star buildings, one family per room. The Veres apartment was not in a yellow star building, and they had to move in with a family friend. Peter, being under six years old, was not required to wear a yellow star. Every morning he walked to the corner to buy milk for his baby brother, and his mother watched him from their apartment balcony to make sure he was safe.
Peter, as a British national, was under the protection of the Swiss consulate. George arranged for Peter to live with two Swiss Catholic women, Elizabeth Baeriswyl and her niece, Mimi. Peter left his mother on October 16, 1944, and stayed with them for three months. During that time he posed as a relative, went to church, and attended Sunday school. His father would periodically escape from his labor camp and arrange to see Peter in a public place. They would not speak, just have visual contact. On November 3, 1944, Kati, Lenke, and Peter went into hiding; George escaped from the camp on December 12, 1944, and hid in a Swiss emergency hospital. On January 14, 1945, Pest was liberated by the Soviet army and Peter was reunited with his family.
After liberation, the Veres family and Lenke decided to leave Hungary. In January 1949, they left Budapest for Milan, Italy. They sailed on the M/S Sobieski from Genoa, Italy, for the United States. Lenke stayed in Italy and sailed on a later date. On ship, Peter played shuffleboard and watched American movies. They arrived in New York City on March 29, 1949. They spent the night on Ellis Island and officially entered the U.S. on March 30. Due to the Displaced Persons Act passed on June 25, 1948, the family was able to obtain Permanent Residency Cards and remain in the U.S. Peter, as a British national, was considered an alien and did not fall under the protection of the Act. He had to go to Canada and reenter the U.S. under a different visa. On June 8, 1959, he became a U.S. citizen.
He moved to California, married, and had 2 children. George died on February 1, 1967, at age 67, Lenke on December 2, 1968, at 81, and Kati on February 20, 1994, at 82, all in Manhattan.
Physical Details
- Language
- English
- Classification
-
Jewelry
- Category
-
Pins (Jewelry)
- Object Type
-
Tie tacks (aat)
- Physical Description
- Gold colored metal tie tack with 2 hinged spiked legs that resemble a compass pointing downward over a V shaped squaring tool open at a 90 degree angle. In the center is a gold G engraved on a dark blue enamel background. Soldered on the back is a screw back post. A gold colored metal screw back wheel with a jagged inner edge secures the pin to the tie. There is engraved English text on the reverse. The date engraved on the replacement pin back is 2000.
- Dimensions
- overall: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm)
- Materials
- overall : metal
- Inscription
- pin back, reverse, engraved : NEWARK NJ WEFFERLING BERRYS CO
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- No restrictions on access
- Conditions on Use
- No restrictions on use
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- The Masonic tie pin was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2010 by Peter Veres.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Record last modified:
- 2023-11-08 14:37:09
- This page:
- https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn47178
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Also in Peter Veres family collection
The collection consists of artifacts, audio recordings, documents, film, and photographs relating to the experiences of the Deutsch, Krausz, and Veres families in Budapest, Hungary, prior to and during the Holocaust, when some family members were deported to camps or lived in hiding, and after their postwar emigration to the United States.
Date: 1844-2010
Peter Veres family papers
Document
The Peter Veres family papers consist of family records, photographs, genealogical materials, immigration documents, and reparations records documenting the history of a Jewish family in Budapest, their experiences with labor camps, hiding, and deportations during World War II and the Holocaust, and their immigration to New York in 1949. The Kato Krausz Veres materials include birth and marriage certificates, identification papers, an account book, education records, health records, an obituary, and other material documenting Kati’s childhood in Budapest, experiences in Hungary during the 1930s and 1940s, religious conversion, immigration to the United States, and death in 1994. This series also includes letters Kati wrote to her parents in October 1938 while she was in London for Peter’s birth, an identification document for Kati’s son, Peter Veres, and an obituary for her sister in law, Agnes Hardy. The George Veres materials include birth certificates, childhood letters, identification papers, education records, labor camp records, health records, an obituary, and other material documenting George’s childhood in Budapest, his operation of a Goodyear store in Budapest, experiences in forced labor during the war, religious conversion, immigration to the United States, and death in 1974. The Béla Krausz materials include birth and marriage records, school records, military papers, life insurance records, and correspondence documenting Béla’s birth in Eger, legal education and practice, marriage to Lenke Deutsch, military service, and internment before his deportation and death. The Lenke Deutsch Krausz materials include identification papers, an account book, date books, journals, correspondence, education records, Budapest property records, emigration records, a death certificate, and obituaries documenting Lenke’s childhood in Budapest, experiences in Hungary during the 1930s and 1940s, immigration to the United States, and death in 1968. This series also includes obituaries and other materials about her parents Vilmos and Irene Deutsch, brother Laszlo Danos, and relative Emanuel Müller. The Gabor Krausz Carelli materials include birth certificates, identification papers, education and financial records, address and date books, immigration records, news clippings, correspondence, and other material documenting Gabor’s childhood in Budapest, immigration to the United States in 1939, and his family’s efforts to contact him during the war. This series also includes awards, opera posters, programs, publicity records, schedules, and USO correspondence documenting Gabor’s singing career in Italy, the United States, and Hungary. The Ármin and Sári Veres materials include birth certificates, identification papers, love letters, marriage records, death announcements, photographs of Sári’s funeral and the Veres’ tombstones, and other material documenting the Veres’ lives in Hungary. This series also includes records documenting Veres and Hajossy relatives including Albert and Fani Hajossy, Fanni Hegedus Hercz, Salamon Löwy, Samuel and Marton Roth, and Jacob, Markus, and Moricz Schiff, as well as research into Schiff and Hajossy family history. Photographic materials include seven family photo albums, one of which was dismantled at some point, documenting the Vilmos Deutsch and Irene Müller family, Lajos Krausz and Linka Klein family, Ármin Veres and Sári Hajossy family, Béla Krausz and Lenke Deutsch family, and George Veres and Kati Krausz family. The albums primarily include photographs of family members, but some also include additional photographs and documents. For example, the Vilmos Deutsch and Irene Müller family album includes the couple’s 1917 passports, 1986 photographs of a silver menorah, and photographs of the buildings in Budapest that used to be the Deutsch family apartment, Kati’s school, and Goodyear store operated by George Veres. The Lajos Krausz and Linka Klein family album includes family trees and childhood letters from the Krausz children to their parents. The Béla Krausz and Lenke Deutsch family album includes marriage documents and bookplates, and the “Kató and Gabi growing up” album includes documents and photographs related to Beniamino Gigli. Genealogical materials include family trees, family history, and unidentified 19th century Hebrew materials documenting the Deutsch/Müller family, the Krausz family, the Roth/Veres family, and the Schiff/Hajossy family. Immigration documents include letters Peter Veres’ family sent to Sári Veres from Italy after leaving Hungary and preparing to immigrate to the United States and records documenting the family’s immigration and naturalization process in America. These files also include records documenting the family’s registration as refugees in Italy and records documenting alternative plans to emigrate to Canada or Costa Rica. Reparations records include correspondence, forms, affidavits, and payment notifications documenting the Veres family’s efforts to receive reparations for Béla Krausz’s death, George Veres’ forced labor, and the theft of valuables.
Pair of white leather Masonic gloves with button cuffs owned by a Hungarian Jewish emigre
Object
White leather ceremonial gloves that originally belonged to Vilmos Deutsch. They were acquired through his membership in the Freemason society. White kid gloves were presented to newly initiated members; a man's pair for the member and a woman's pair for his wife or betrothed. They were symbolic and not intended for use and represented the ideal that the work of his hands should be pure and spotless. Vilmos, who died in 1935, was from a large, Orthodox Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. The gloves were inherited by his daughter, Lenke. In March 1944, Hungary was occupied by Nazi Germany. Lenke's husband, Bela, was deported in July to a concentration camp where he was killed. In November, Lenke went into hiding with her daughter Kati and her children, and her son-in-law’s family. The city was liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. Lenke brought the gloves with her when she left Hungary with Kati and her family in January 1949 for the United States.
White leather wrist length left hand Masonic glove with side vent owned by a Hungarian Jewish emigre
Object
White leather ceremonial left hand Masonic glove that originally belonged to Laszlo Danos, born Deutsch. It was acquired through his membership in the Freemason society. White kid gloves were presented to newly initiated members; a man's pair for the member and a women's pair for his wife or betrothed. They were symbolic and not intended for use; they represented the ideal that the work of his hands should be pure and spotless. Laszlo, who died of a heart attack in 1934, was part of a large, Orthodox Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. His wife gave the glove to his sister Lenke. In March 1944, Hungary was occupied by Nazi Germany. Lenke's husband, Bela, was deported in July to a concentration camp where he was killed. In November, Lenke went into hiding with her daughter Kati and her children, and her son-in-law’s family. The city was liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. Lenke brought the gloves with her when she left Hungary with Kati and her family in January 1949 for the United States.
WWI Hungarian War Supporter copper watch fob acquired by a Jewish army veteran
Object
World War I Hungarian War Supporter copper watch ornament originally owned by Bela Krausz, issued for contributions to military aid for the year 1915/16. Bela, an Orthodox Jew and WWI veteran, was arrested in Budapest on May 31, 1944, following the occupation of Hungary by Nazi Germany on March 19. He was deported in July to an unknown concentration camp where he was killed. In November, his wife Lenke went into hiding with their daughter Kati and her children, and her son-in-law’s family. The city was liberated by Soviet forces in January 1945. Lenke brought the watch fob with her when she left Hungary with Kati and her family in January 1949 for the United States.
Gold and blue enamel Masonic medal with the compass and square emblem owned by a Jewish Hungarian emigre
Object
Square and compass Masonic medal that originally belonged to Armin Veres, born Roth. It was possibly a sign of office for a Senior Deacon in the Galilei Freemason Lodge in Budapest, Hungary. Armin, a lawyer, lived in Budapest with his family. On March 19, 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary and antisemitic laws went into effect. The apartments of many Jews were confiscated and several family members moved in with Armin and his wife, Sari. By June 23, all Jews were forced to move into segregated yellow star buildings and they moved in with a family friend. In November, Armin and Sari were sent to the ghetto, and their children went into hiding. The Soviet Army liberated Pest on January 14, 1945, and Armin and Sari were reunited with their family. Armin died April 1, 1945. The collar was brought to the United States by his son, George, when he emigrated in March 1949.
Plastic identification badge holder used by a Hungarian Jewish emigre
Object
Cardboard and plastic wallet that belonged to Hungarian opera singer Gabor (Gabi) Carelli. Gabor was part of an Orthodox Jewish family from Budapest. He traveled to the United State in 1939, and toured with various opera companies. His family in Hungary was persecuted by the Fascist, antisemitic government from 1940-1944; some were sent to forced labor and concentration camps. In March 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary and members of his family were deported or went into hiding until Budapest was liberated by the Soviet Army in January 1945. His father was killed in a camp in 1944, but his mother, his sister, and her family came to the US in 1949.
Oral history interview with Catherine (Kati) Veres
Oral History
Freemason white knit cotton gloves presented to a Hungarian Jewish emigre
Object
Pair of white cotton knit gloves presented to George Veres when he became a member of a New York chapter of the Freemasons in 1950-1951. White gloves, usually kid leather, were presented to newly initiated members. They were symbolic and not intended for use and represented the ideal that the work of his hands should be pure and spotless. George emigrated from Hungary to the United States with his family in March 1949. In 1940, George, who was Jewish, was sent to a forced labor camp by the Fascist, antisemitic government of Hungary. From 1940-1944, he was in and out of camps near Budapest. In March 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary. That November, George's wife, Kati, and their two young sons, Peter and Paul, went into hiding. On December 12, 1944, George escaped his camp and found refuge in a Swedish emergency hospital. Pest was liberated by the Soviet Army on January 14, 1945, and George was reunited with his family. In January 1949, the family emigrated to the United States.
Ceremonial Masonic blue and white ribbon collar owned by a Hungarian Jewish emigre
Object
Ceremonial blue and white ribbon collar that originally belonged to Armin Veres, born Roth. It was acquired through his membership in the Galilei Freemason Lodge in Budapest, Hungary. Armin, a lawyer, lived in Budapest with his family. On March 19, 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary and antisemitic laws went into effect. The apartments of many Jews were confiscated and several family members moved in with Armin and his wife, Sari. By June 23, all Jews were forced to move into segregated yellow star buildings and they moved in with a family friend. In November, Armin and Sari were sent to the ghetto, and their children went into hiding. The Soviet Army liberated Pest on January 14, 1945, and Armin and Sari were reunited with their family. Armin died April 1, 1945. The collar was brought to the United States by his son, George, when he emigrated in March 1949.
Oral history interview with Peter Veres
Oral History
Peter Veres discusses his family’s arrival at Ellis Island in March 1949 and history in Hungary and New York.
