Overview
- Description
- Consists of documents from the collection of Gaston Kahn, who served as the director of the CAR ("comité d'assistance aux réfugiés) an aid organization affiliated with the Joint Distribution Committee that provided aid to Jewish refugees in the prewar period. Includes reports and a newsletter from the "L'Accueil Francais aux Autrichiens" [French Home for Austrians] in 1938-1939; a photograph of the CAR leadership of Gaston Kahn, Albert Levy, and R. R. Lambert; wartime ration cards; postcards and an envelope; and a recommendation letter, as well as copies of additional documentation related to Kahn. During the war, Kahn worked in Gap and in Marseilles in southern France, escaping to join his family in Chauffayer en Champsaur in late 1943. Also included are a black and white image of Gaston Kahn during ceremony at which he received the Legion d'honneur, dated 1962 and a blank form to be used to declare an individual's religion; requires information about parents and grandparents, children, and specifically asks for the names of Jewish grandparents of the individual's spouse, dated 1941, in French.
- Date
-
inclusive:
1936-2003
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Dr. Marcel-Francis Kahn
- Collection Creator
- Gaston Kahn
- Biography
-
Gaston Kahn was born on April 15, 1889, in Wingersheim, France, to Aron and Melanie Klein Kahn. He married Jeanne Meyer, born January 12, 1901, also in Alsace. Jeanne’s family made their fortune from silver mines in Mexico. Gaston received a scholarship for rabbinical studies in Paris, but instead studied literature at the Sorbonne. He served in the French Army from 1917 to 1919, which included World War I (1914-1918). The couple lived in Paris. They had a daughter, Danny-Claude, on October 25, 1925, and a son, Marcel-Francis, on November 1, 1929. The children were given private religious instruction from a young age.
In 1936, Gaston was Director of the Comité d'Assistance Aux Réfugiés (CAR) [Committee of Assistance to Refugees], an affiliate of the American Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC) in Paris. The organization was founded in 1934 to provide aid to Jewish refugees escaping German oppression. It provided legal advice to help Jewish refugees stay in France and attempted to find permanent homes. In June 1939, Gaston assisted refugees from the MS St. Louis, during the voyage on which the ship, which carried over 900 Jewish refugees, was turned away from Cuba and the United States and forced to return to Europe.
On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded France. Gaston’s father-in-law, Leo Meyer, arranged for the family to flee to Limoges before the Germans reached Paris. The northern and western regions of France were placed under the control of a German military administration, while the southern region was governed by the French Vichy regime, which collaborated with the Germans. On November 29, 1941, the Union Generale Des Israelites De France (UGIF) was formed by the Vichy regime, in response to German demands to consolidate all Jewish organizations. Gaston was selected to be involved and reluctantly agreed. The family moved to Marseille, where Gaston served as director of UGIF’s fifth department. Gaston also engaged in resistance activity, including the forgery of identity papers, from 1942 to 1943. In November 1942, Germany occupied Vichy France. In 1943, Jeanne sent Marcel-Francis to Gap to get false identity papers for Gaston. Gaston and Jeanne obtained false identity cards under the names Pierre and Jeanette Kervol. In March 1943, the family moved to Gap, which was in the Italian occupied region. Gaston’s resistance activity now focused on hiding children or getting them to Switzerland. In August 1943, Gaston became Director of UGIF South. Earlier that month, the previous director was arrested by the Germans, held in Drancy internment camp, and then deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. Gaston was forced to make difficult decisions and to collaborate with the Germans. On October 20, the Gestapo took several mothers and children from a UGIF center and deported them. Gaston was warned of this in advance, but the Gestapo had threatened to round up every Jew in Marseille if he did anything to prevent the deportation. Later that month, Gaston and his family were issued an unauthorized Salvadoran citizenship certificate by George Mandel-Mantello, First Secretary of the Salvadoran Consulate in Switzerland, possibly with the hope of saving the family if they were arrested. The family separated in October, as Gap was no longer safe following the German occupation of Italy and Italian held areas in France in September 1943. Gaston moved to Marseille, while Jeanne and the children moved to Chauffayer en Champsaur, where many members of the resistance resided. In December, the local Gestapo chief, SS Bauer, became aware of Gaston’s resistance activities and planned to arrest him. Gaston was warned of the threat and escaped, joining his family in Chauffayer en Champsaur. In 1944, Gaston participated in fighting with the resistance. Marcel-Francis served as a scout for the resistance in combat along the Napoleon Road in August 1944. That same month, the region was liberated by American troops. The war in Europe ended when Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.
After the war, the family returned to Paris. Gaston continued his aid work with the American Joint Distribution Committee and served on the European Executive Council. On November 20, 1946, he was awarded the Medal of Resistance. In 1962, he received the Legion d’Honneur. Gaston died in 1969. Marcel-Francis became a doctor, professor of medicine, and political activist. He married Regina Cukier, a Holocaust survivor from Warsaw, who passed away in 1974.
Physical Details
- Extent
-
2 folders
1 oversize box
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
- Conditions on Use
- Material(s) in this collection may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. You do not require further permission from the Museum to use this material. The user is solely responsible for making a determination as to if and how the material may be used.
Keywords & Subjects
- Geographic Name
- Champsaur Valley (France) Gap (France) Marseilles (France)
- Personal Name
- Lévy, Albert. Lambert, R. R.
Administrative Notes
- Holder of Originals
-
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- Dr. Marcel-Francis Kahn donated this material to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012.
- Record last modified:
- 2023-08-25 15:25:47
- This page:
- http://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn49133
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Also in Gaston Kahn collection
The collection consists of a rubber hand stamp, documents, and photographs relating to the experiences of Gaston Kahn, his wife Jeanne, and children Danny-Claude and Marcel-Francis during the Holocaust in Paris, Gap, and Marseille, France, when Gaston worked with the Comite d'Assistance Aux Refugies and the Union Generale Des Israelites De France, and after the Holocaust in Paris.
Date: 1936-2003
Hand stamp, European Executive Council of the American Joint Distribution Committee, used by a council member
Object
Rubber hand stamp used by Gaston Kahn in Paris, France, from 1945 to 1946, when he served on the European Executive Council of the American Joint Distribution Committee (AJDC.) From 1936, Gaston was the Director of the Comite d'Assistance Aux Refugies (CAR), an affiliate of the AJDC. In 1939, he assisted the refugees from the Ms. St. Louis, after its forced return from Cuba. After Germany invaded France in May 1940, Gaston, his wife Jeanne, Danny-Claude, age 14, and Marcel-Francis, age 10, fled Paris for Limoges. In November 1941, Gaston was asked by a Vichy official to direct the Union Generale Des Israelites De France (UGIF), a Jewish aid organization pressured to collaborate with French and German authorities. In November 1942, the Germans occupied southeastern France and efforts to deport Jews to concentration camps intensified. Gaston moved his family to Gap, which was under Italian administration. In August 1943, Gaston was made director of UGIF South, after the previous director Lambert and his family were sent to Auschwitz. Kahn was forced to make difficult decisions about collaboration versus resistance towards the Germans. He sent his family to Chauffayer en Champsaur, a resistance stronghold and moved to Marseille. In December 1943, he learned that the Gestapo planned to arrest him and fled, joining his family in Champsaur. Gaston and Marcel-Francis both became active in the resistance. Allied Forces landed in Normandy in June 1944 and the region here the Kahn's were living was liberated that August. The war in Europe ended when Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945. The Kahn family returned to Paris and Gaston continued his aid work. Gaston was awarded the Medal of the Resistance in 1946 and the Legion of Honor in 1962.