Overview
- Description
- The Julia Schor papers consist of biographical materials, clippings, a guest books, a library catalog, and a memoir documenting Schor’s childhood in Amsterdam, the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, being disguised as a Gentile in Blaricum, the work of her mother, Rosemarie Ensel, work for the Dutch Resistance, and the Jewish people her mother hid in their attic.
Biographical materials include a poem about Christmas in wartime, a certificate supporting Rosemarie’s efforts to obtain a visa, a receipt for seizure of property, and three records documenting Judah Ensel’s efforts to retrieve jewelry from Rosemarie.
Clippings include a chronicle of major World War II events of 1943, a description of Rosemarie Mauthner’s receipt of the Resistance memorial cross in 1983, and three videos chronicling Dutch resistance during World War II that were shown in 1990.
The guest book belonged to Melanie Mauthner, who began the book in Vienna in 1928, continued in the Netherlands in 1938, and brought it with her into hiding.
The library catalog and drawing of a library lists the books in Rosemarie’s personal library was probably created by someone hiding in Rosemarie’s attic in 1944.
Julia Schor’s memoir, Mamma's Ark, details her mother’s childhood in Meuselwitz and romantic life in Germany and the Netherlands, her own childhood in Amsterdam, the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1941, a visit to her German grandparents in Groszbuch in 1942, moving to Blaricum during the Nazi occupation, enrollment in the local school as a non-Jew, her mother’s work in the Dutch Resistance, the Jewish people her mother hid in the attic, SS raids, and liberation. - Date
-
inclusive:
1928-1999
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Julia Schor
- Collection Creator
- Julia Schor
- Biography
-
Julia Schor was born Betty Julia Ensel on April 4, 1937 to a non-Jewish German mother, Rose Marie Schink, and a Jewish father, Guy Weinberg, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. During World War II, Rose Marie Schink hid twelve Jews in the attic of her house in Blaricum, Netherlands, and was in contact with the Dutch resistance movement. Julia attended school under her mother's maiden name in order to avoid suspicion about her Jewish ancestry. Julia, her mother, and all of the Jews hiding in their house were liberated by Canadian forces in May 1945.
Physical Details
- Genre/Form
- Personal narratives.
- Extent
-
5 folders
1 oversize folder
- System of Arrangement
- The Julia Schor papers are arranged as a single series.
Rights & Restrictions
- Conditions on Access
- There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
- Conditions on Use
- Donor retains copyright to her memoirs. Other material in this collection may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. You do not require further permission from the Museum to use this material. The user is solely responsible for making a determination as to if and how the material may be used.
Keywords & Subjects
Administrative Notes
- Holder of Originals
-
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Legal Status
- Permanent Collection
- Provenance
- Julia Schor donated the Julia Schor papers to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2002 and 2011. The accession formerly cataloged as 2011.301.1 has been incorporated into this collection.
- Funding Note
- The cataloging of this collection has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
- Primary Number
- 2002.299.15
- Record last modified:
- 2023-04-11 09:29:09
- This page:
- http://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn547383
Additional Resources
Download & Licensing
In-Person Research
- Available for Research
- Plan a Research Visit
-
Request in Shapell Center Reading Room
Bowie, MD
Contact Us
Also in This Collection
Porcelain doll with dress
Object
Pink pillow
Object
Lace netting baby bonnet worn during bris in prewar Vienna
Object
Bonnet worn by Herbert Mauthner, during his circumcision in Vienna, Austria. Julia Schor was born Betty Julia Ensel on April 4, 1937,to a non-Jewish German mother, Rose Marie Schink, and a Jewish father, Guy Weinberg, in Amsterdam, Netherlands. During World War II, Rose Marie Schink hid 12 Jews in the attic of her house in Blaricum, Netherlands, and was in contact with the Dutch resistance movement. Julia attended school under her mother's maiden name in order to avoid suspicion about her Jewish ancestry. Julia, her mother, and all of the Jews hiding in their house were liberated in May 1945.
Hat
Object
Child's white cotton dress with lace and embroidery
Object
Julia Schor wore the dress during World War II.
Tarot cards
Object
Julia Schor played with the cards while she was in hiding during the Holocaust in the Netherlands.
Children's playing cards
Object
Julia Schor played with the cards while she was in hiding during the Holocaust in the Netherlands.
Book
Object
Apron
Object
The apron was made for Julia Schor while she was in hiding as a child in the Netherlands during the Holocaust.
Apron
Object
The apron was made for Julia Schor while she was in hiding as a child in the Netherlands during the Holocaust.
Hat
Object
The hat was worn by Julia Schor while she was in hiding as a child in the Netherlands during the Holocaust.
Book
Object
Two-sided crayon drawing of a girl wearing a cross created by a young girl living in hiding
Object
Double-sided drawing made by Betty Julia Ensel while she was living under an assumed identity in the Netherlands. One side depicts a girl in a dress wearing a cross; the drawing on the opposite side portrays 6 girls. When Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940, three year old Julia lived in Amsterdam with her parents, Rose Marie Schink, who was not Jewish, and Guy Weinberg, who was Jewish. Rose Marie hid twelve Jews in the attic of her house in Blaricum and was in contact with the Dutch resistance movement. Julia attended school under her mother's maiden name in order to avoid suspicion about her Jewish ancestry. Julia, her mother, and all of the Jews hiding in their house were liberated in May 1945.
Crayon drawing of a green leaved wreath with purple flowers made by a young girl while living in hiding
Object
Crayon drawing made by Betty Julia Ensel while she was living in hiding in the Netherlands. It depicts a wreath of green leaves and purple flowers. When Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940, three year old Julia lived in Amsterdam with her parents, Rose Marie Schink, who was not Jewish, and Guy Weinberg, who was Jewish. Rose Marie hid twelve Jews in the attic of her house in Blaricum and was in contact with the Dutch resistance movement. Julia attended school under her mother's maiden name in order to avoid suspicion about her Jewish ancestry. Julia, her mother, and all of the Jews hiding in their house were liberated in May 1945.
Crayon drawing of a girl with a basket created by a young girl while living in hiding
Object
Crayon drawing made by Betty Julia Ensel while she was living in hiding in the Netherlands. It depicts a girl holding a basket and a list of cities. When Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940, three year old Julia lived in Amsterdam with her parents, Rose Marie Schink, who was not Jewish, and Guy Weinberg, who was Jewish. Rose Marie hid twelve Jews in the attic of her house in Blaricum and was in contact with the Dutch resistance movement. Julia attended school under her mother's maiden name in order to avoid suspicion about her Jewish ancestry. Julia, her mother, and all of the Jews hiding in their house were liberated in May 1945.
Dance card
Object
The dance card consists of a small booklet with an intricately decorated cover and a pencil hanging from a cord at the side. Dance cards, or "Ballspenden," were especially popular at balls in Vienna, Austria, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They were used to list, in order, the names of the partners with whom a woman had agreed to dance at a formal ball or party.
