…Rafael Menda discusses his experience fleeing Fascist Italy; first to Switzerland, then to France, and departing Saint Nazare on the ship S…

… Germans in 1940, and was later transferred to Saint-Cyprien camp in France. In November, he and the other prisoners were transferred to Gurs. In early…

…, the family reunited and settled in Oloron-Sainte-Marie, in the unoccupied zone, near the Spanish border. They remained there from June 1940 until April…

…Frida Lewinter (née Szmulewicz, 1922-2014) was born in Leningrad, Russia (Saint Petersburg) to Mojsiej and Sara Batya Szmulewicz. She had two…

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… Sophia and Milka in Saint Petersburg, Wrocław, Poland, and Israel. Biographical materials include photocopies of identification papers, genealogical…

…Maria Efes, born on July 15, 1909 in Kopys', Belarus, describes living in Orsha, Belarus; going to Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) in 1924; graduating…

…Ella Ryvkova, born in Leningrad (Saint Petersburg, Russia) on April 4, 1938, describes the blockade of Leningrad, which started on September 8, 1941…

…Saint-Agrève (France)…

…Isaak Zagoskin, born in Leningrad (Saint Petersburg, Russia) on May 24, 1930, describes the beginning of the war when his family was in a settlement…

…Sara Boucart (née Lamhaut), born on May 24, 1931 in Saint Gilles in Brussels, Belgium, discusses her parents, who were both born in Poland; living in…

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… seconds Sara Lamhaut was born on May 24, 1931 in the commune of Saint Gilles in Brussels, Belgium, to Icek Leib Lamhaut and Chana Laja Lamhaut, maiden name…

… World War I; spending most of the war years in Saint-Laurent-de-Neste, France; her family’s escape to the Pyrenees at the beginning of the war; receiving…

… Elne in 1943. Shortly after he was born, his parents fled with him across the Alps to Saint-Martin-Vésubie and then across the border into Italy. The…

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… Holocaust), including background research, documents related to the film production, and interview transcripts with survivors and Italian soldiers from Saint…

…’s brother Ludwig Cohn (1907-1942) was interned at the Saint- Cyprien and Les Milles concentration camps, transferred from Drancy to Auschwitz on convoy 19 in…

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… her brother, Ludwig Cohn, describing his railroad ordeal from Belgium to Saint- Cyprien as an interned enemy alien, his 1942 Red Cross letter indicating…

… butcher in the Marais neighborhood. In 1933, their daughter, Marguerite, was born. Soon after the war broke out, the family moved to Saint-Saturnin, where…

…Helene Barac, born on April 24, 1933 in Brussels, Belgium, describes moving to and growing up in Saint-Servais, Belgium; her father’s work in a paper…

…Joel Beer, his brother, Daniel, and their mother, Henriette, survived World War II in hiding in the villages of Saint-Amour and Balanod, France. His…

…Genrikh Tseytlin, born in Leningrad (Saint Petersburg, Russia) on March 27, 1933, describes being at a daycare’s “dacha” in the town of Luga (outside…

…Zinaida (Zina) Khomenko (née Zaznobina), born June 3, 1928 in Leningrad, Soviet Union (Saint Petersburg, Russia), describes her childhood memories…

…Saint-Genis-Laval (France)…

… Western Poland came under Russian occupation and later fighting for the Polish Army; being in Saint Petersburg, Russia during the siege of Leningrad…

…; her parents’ moves, separate of each other, to Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), Russia in the 1920s; her parents meeting in 1934 and getting married in…