Drawing of Holocaust survivor testifying at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
- Artwork Title
- Frieda Michelson Testifying in the Trial of Karlis Detlavs
- Series Title
- Karlis Detlavs Trial, Baltimore, Maryland, 1979
- Date
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1979 January
(creation)
- Geography
-
creation :
Baltimore (Md.)
- Language
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English
- Classification
-
Art
- Category
-
Drawings
- Object Type
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Courtroom art (lcsh)
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Charles R. Hazard and The Baltimore Sun
Drawing of eyewitness Frieda Michelson created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs in 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland. Michelson testified that Detlavs was the guard who forced her to the execution pit during the massacre in the Rumbulu forest in December 1941. Michelson survived by hiding under a pile of discarded shoes. She identified Detlavs from a 1941 photo shown to her by Israeli police in the 1970s, but did not identify him in person at the trial. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
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Record last modified: 2018-03-19 11:14:32
This page: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn1167
Also in Charles R. Hazard and The Baltimore Sun collection
The collection consists of fifteen courtroom sketches created by Charles R. Hazard for the Baltimore Sun newspaper during the postwar deportation trials of Karlis Detlavs and George Theodorovich in Baltimore, Maryland, for withholding information about their involvement with war crimes in Eastern Europe during World War II.
Date: 1977-1985
Drawing of judge speaking to defendant, an accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It features Detlavs, his daughter, and Judge Martin J. Travers. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of judge and US attorney at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Judge Martin J. Travers, and 3 federal attorneys for the prosecution. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of a Holocaust survivor tesifying at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Jacob Wagenheim, a Holocaust survivor and witness testifying about Detlavs involvement, and the Yiddish interpreter, Moses Aberbach. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of eyewitness and interpreter at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Jacob Wagenheim, a Holocaust survivor and witness testifying about Detlavs involvement, and the Yiddish interpreter, Moses Aberbach. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of accuser and accused at trial of suspected Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Detlavs, his daughter Marite Klevins, and their attorney, looking at the Yiddish interpreter Moses Aberbach and a Holocaust survivor and prosecution witness, Boris Tsesvan. Tsesvan identified Detlavs as one of the uniformed guards who beat and took away another Jewish forced laborer from the Hotel Roma in Riga in June 1943. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of eyewitness identifying defendant at trial of Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Detlavs and his daughter Marite Klevins, looking at the Yiddish interpreter Mr. Smolar and a Holocaust survivor and a prosecution witness. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of Holocaust survivor testifying at trial of suspected Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Detlavs looking at the Yiddish interpreter Moses Aberbach and a Holocaust survivor and prosecution witness, Boris Tsesvan. Tsesvan identified Detlavs as one of the uniformed guards who beat and took away another Jewish forced laborer from the Hotel Roma in Riga in June 1943. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of guards and JDL protestors at trial of suspected Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts courtroom officers approaching Jewish Defense League members protesting the judge's issue of a continuance order to allow the prosecution, the US Department of Justice, to seek more evidence from Soviet sources. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, DOJ, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of lawyer questioning eyewitness at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom drawing created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the 1977 deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs. It depicts Detlavs's lawyer speaking to an unseen person, standing next to a seated Detlavs and his daughter, Marite Klevins, in a crowded courtroom. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of judge at trial of suspected Latvian war criminal
Object
Courtroom portrait sketch of Judge Emil Bobek created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs in 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Sketch of 3 spectators at trial of accused Latvian war criminal
Object
Sketch of 3 courtroom spectators created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs in 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of defendant and US attorney at trial of suspected Latvian war criminal
Object
Drawing of Detlavs on the witness stand begin questioned by US attorney George Parker created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs in 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Drawing of accused Latvian war criminal on the stand
Object
Portrait of defendant Karlis Detlavs on the witness stand created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of Karlis Detlavs in 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland. Detlavs was accused of withholding information on his petition for permanent residency by denying involvement in Nazi war crimes. He was accused of executing Jews in the Riga ghetto and selecting Jews for execution in the Dwinsk ghetto as a member of the Latvian Auxiliary Security Police in 1943 during the German occupation. In 1950, Detlavs emigrated as a displaced refugee from Munich, Germany, to the US with his pregnant wife and nearly 2 year old daughter and settled in Baltimore. In October 1976, the Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice, accused Detlavs of war crimes and the US Immigration and Naturalization Service filed a deportation action. After 4 days of hearing in November 1977, Judge Martin Travers announced a continuance so the prosecution could obtain more evidence. The Jewish Defense League attendees began shouting at the judge and were thrown from the courtroom. Travers was stabbed to death while on vacation in the Virgin Islands in June 1978. New hearings were held in November 1978 and January 1979. While Detlavs admitted being a member of the Latvian Legion, he denied committing any crimes. Judge Emil Bobek denounced Detlavs for his lack of credibility, but ruled that the identification of Detlavs as a perpetrator was not reliable and a lie was not enough to warrant deportation. The ruling was upheld on appeal. Detlavs, age 72, died in Baltimore in 1983. Hazard created the drawing while on assignment at the trial for the Baltimore Sun newspaper.
Double sided drawing of expert witness at trial of suspected Ukrainian war criminal
Object
Two sided drawing of Raul Hilberg, government's opening witness, created by Charles (Hap) Hazard at the deportation trial of George Theodorovich in 1985 in Baltimore, Maryland. In August 1983, the OSI brought charges against Theodorovich for killing unarmed Jews. Theodorovich was stripped of his US citizenship in 1984. His disappeared from his home and was the subject of a federal manhunt. After his capture in Philadelphia, he was tried for moral turpitude and failure to disclose wartine activities. In 1987, Theodorovich was found guilty and ordered deported in 1988 because of his involvement in the murder of Jews in Lvov, Poland (Lviv, Ukraine) during the Holocaust. The US wished to deport him to the Soviet Union, but a deportee has the right to choose the country to which his is deported, although that country must agree to accept him. In December 1988, Theodorovich deported himself to Paraguay. At the time, he was the 26th person to receive a deportation order from the US government as a result of investigations and prosecutions by the OSI, Office of Special Investigations, US Department of Justice. The OSI pursued prosecutions in order to deny Nazis and war criminals a safe haven in the US. Hilberg opened the proceedings by describing how Ukrainian police cooperated with the Germans in the round-up of Jews in Lvov and how a community of 130,000 was reduced to 1000. Hilberg was a world renowned scholar, who published the first comprehensive study of the Holocaust and initiated the academic study of the Holocaust. Hazard was assigned to cover the trial and create courtroom drawings for the Baltimore Sun.