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1. Recordings from the Zurawski Polish Music Collection
Recorded Sound | RG Number: RG-91.0158
Date:
Recorded: approximately 1920-1940
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … polka Dana 3142 Adamczyk, Steve Steam shovel polka Big oak polka polka Dana 3143 Harmony Bells Orchestra Tom tom polka Gas pipe polka polka Dana 3144…
2. Oral history interview with Olga Sher
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2022.9.32 | RG Number: RG-90.217.0032
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … the swimming pool, very nice life, okay. And we go back to Warsaw, the Warsaw is in a panic, of course. And we take shovels and we go build the, you…
3. Oral history interview with Henry Schaffer
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2022.9.28 | RG Number: RG-90.217.0028
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … leaders. And so they marched my father and many, many, other men to some place. Or rather they drove them in a truck, gave them shovels, asked them to dig…
4. Oral history interview with Sonja and Harry Langburt
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2022.9.24 | RG Number: RG-90.217.0024
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … was not free. So my brother when we came here, was shoveling snow off roofs to pay the 2 dollars a month to go to school. To go to Baron Byng ? Langburt…
5. Oral history interview with Paul Herczeg
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2022.9.16 | RG Number: RG-90.217.0016
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … the uniform with the band, yellow band, labor service, and gave them a shovel, a shovel or whatever, how do you call the . . Z- picks, a pick . . . P- A…
6. Oral history interview with Benny (beryl) and Frances Bokser
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2022.9.4 | RG Number: RG-90.217.0004
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … had to start shovelling in our region one day just to come to Montreal. Eventually they started giving the expenses that the bias could not come to…
7. Oral history interview with Sherman Ray
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2021.59.1 | RG Number: RG-90.186.0001
Date:
interview: 2001
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … dropping the bombs. And they were so smart, they send us, the Poles, they send us to the front to put up some little trees, with little shovels, to put up…
8. Oral history interview with Josephine Gruca
Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.46.1 | RG Number: RG-90.122.0001
Date:
interview: 1980
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
… labor of shoveling snow; deteriorating living conditions in Germany such as the shortage of soap; the Allied fire bombing of Heilbronn in December 1944…
9. Oral history interview with Zinovi Rogov
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.53 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0053
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 …st. 10 40 10 40 We were given shovels and sent to dig trenches or rather not trenches but anti-tank ditches. We dug them near the aspen grove. After that…
10. Oral history interview with Valentin Rabinovich
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.50 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0050
Date:
interview: 2013
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … under fire all the time… 16 32 16 32 Those who were lucky reached the other side to secure themselves on the land. They had their digging shovels to dig a…
11. Oral history interview with Philip Potiyevsky
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.49 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0049
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … map, the topography map. To make my story short, in the winter of ’42 the Germans made us drive firewood, shovel snow, groom horses, etc. 08 20 08 20…
12. Oral history interview with Alexei Litvachuk
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.37 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0037
Date:
interview: 2013
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … stopped. 12 49 12 49 There was a fresh unit located there. Every running person was stopped, given a shovel and instructed to dig. We started digging…
13. Oral history interview with Eugene Kats
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.26 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0026
Date:
interview: 2013
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … the ghetto was a sand, a sand place, you know. People was waiting, the farmers dig 2 big graves with shovels. They were waiting. 07 08 It was 6 in the…
14. Oral history interview with Yakov Jarchin
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.23 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0023
Date:
interview: 2015
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … place near the village Pyatigorskaya. In an hour, German trucks arrived carrying wooden pickets, hecks, shovels and wire. 02:11 01:11 We were forced to…
15. Oral history interview with Nina Goldstein
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.18 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0018
Date:
interview: 2013
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 …’t have enough ammunition to kill everybody. Because not just soldiers, plain people was a taken to the army. They gived them a shovels or gived them a…
16. Oral history interview with Lazar Feldman
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.11 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0011
Date:
interview: 2015
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … street and every building, there was set a barrel with water, sand boxes, and various tools, such as pliers, shovels, to prevent… in case buildings caught…
17. Oral history interview with Mikhail Bass
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2020.210.4 | RG Number: RG-90.121.0004
Date:
interview: 2012
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … there…a German base…we used to shovel snow in the winter…15 25 15 25 They said that food was better there. Someone was on a truck going from the ghetto…
18. Oral history interview with Gary Sternberg
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.443.6 | RG Number: RG-90.105.0006
Date:
interview: 2015 February 12
interview: 2015 February 15
interview: 2015 April 07
interview: 2015 October
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … difficult. You shovel them into a container and you carry through the house and the dust blows all over the place. You can hold this right into the fireplace…
19. Oral history interview with Stephen Nasser
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.443.4 | RG Number: RG-90.105.0004
Date:
interview: 2018 January 17
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … shovel, and just fill up these empty bags with cement powder." I worked in that particular place for about a week. In that little enclosed room the air was…
20. Oral history interview with Henry Kronberg
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.443.3 | RG Number: RG-90.105.0003
Date:
interview: 2015 February 26
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … in eastern Poland. But they were unable to reunite and lost contact. While in Kraków, the Germans assigned them to manual labor (e.g. shoveling snow…
21. Oral history interview with Salvator Moshe
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.402.1 | RG Number: RG-90.103.0001
Date:
interview: 1980 November-1981 February
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … criminals, those were the foremans [kapos]. By the barracks, I never see this, they use to tell me on the job, when they, they put the shovel, the handle of…
22. Oral history interview with Samuel Newman
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.253.1951 | RG Number: RG-90.063.1951
Date:
interview: 2014 July 31
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … in the -- but during the day, there was no power in the wires. I know that because I worked there. And I worked with a shovel and my handle was wood…
23. Oral history interview with Genia Litwin
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.84.60 | RG Number: RG-90.047.0060
Date:
interview: 2018 April 11
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … being forgiven after three weeks because of her young age; getting a new job shoveling snow from tractors; not understanding how she survived since she…
24. Oral history interview with Vasilis Papadopoulos
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.84.54 | RG Number: RG-90.047.0054
Date:
interview: 2018 March 14
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … fork and shovel factory; joining the Partisans in 1942; being captured; seeing his mother from the boat in Piraeus; being sent to a camp near Berlin…
25. Oral history interview with Boleslaw Kalinski
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.84.33 | RG Number: RG-90.047.0033
Date:
interview: 2017 November 23
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … earth; being sent to a concentration camp in Wüstegiersdorf, Germany; the prisoners digging tank obstacles; being in charge of the shovels; starving…
26. Oral history interview with Bruno Frister
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.84.22 | RG Number: RG-90.047.0022
Date:
interview: 2017 November 01
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … with shovels on their way to the fields and one man carrying two shovels; grabbing one of the shovels, without the man protesting, and joining the group…
27. Oral history interview with Janina Nilsson
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.84.16 | RG Number: RG-90.047.0016
Date:
interview: 2017 October 18
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … guard burning her breasts with a cigarette as punishment; being reassigned to pick up corpses; shoveling ashes at the crematory, throwing it in the river…
28. Oral history interview with Henry D. Lewis
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Oral History | Accession Number: 2019.154.19 | RG Number: RG-90.008.0019
Date:
interview: 1993 November 13
Special Collection:
The Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 …rd, which was a Sunday. And we had these special machines where somebody attached a bag at the bottom and we had a shovel and we filled the sandbags up and…
29. Selected records of the Holocaust collection: Postwar testimonies and Jewish Social Mutual files (RG VII-123)
Document | Accession Number: 2012.217 | RG Number: RG-68.151M
Date:
inclusive: 1940-1945
Your search appears in a finding aid available at the Museum:
 … themselves for death - these prisoners were then killed with a shovel in a very grueseom fashion: two other prisoners would press the blade of the shovel on…
30. UNRRA selected records AG-018-039 : Germany Mission
Document | Accession Number: 2015.249.1 | RG Number: RG-67.049M
Date:
inclusive: 1919-1949
Your search appears in a finding aid available at the Museum:
 …5 - British Red Cross 22/09/1945 06/12/1945 Unclassified No S-0406- 0016-04 BZ/HQ - Supply and Transport - M10 - Shovels, Lamps, Batteries 10/10/1945 04/12/1945…
31. Nachman Zonabend collection
Document | Accession Number: 2008.152 | RG Number: RG-67.019M
Date:
inclusive: 1939-1944
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … equipment, as well as shovels and axes to carry out cleaning action in the ghetto. 1940 Mar. 28, 1940 Mar. 29 Folder Title Date 44 Rumkowski to…
32. African-American troops; US infantry in Germany
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Film | RG Number: RG-60.7218 | Film ID: 4543
Date:
Event: 1944 November
Duration:
00:10:08
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
Your search appears in a finding aid linked to the detail record:
 … pillbox. Excellent CUs, bulldozer in operation. CUs, soldier shovels dirt from entrance. CU, soldier with welding torch cuts and removes door of pillbox. LS…
33. Edited film sequence documenting war destruction and rebuilding of life in postwar Poland
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Film | Accession Number: 2003.214 | RG Number: RG-60.7213 | Film ID: 3072
Film Title:
Poland 1948 -- Julien Bryan
Date:
Event: 1948
Event: 1948
Duration:
00:08:13
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
… stacks tiles. Multiple shots of men laying bricks, shoveling, and sawing. A bucket being hoisted up. Men on scaffolding. Building with scaffolding…
34. German soldiers; loading train; command post
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Film | Accession Number: 2020.209 | RG Number: RG-60.7161 | Film ID: 4499
Duration:
00:10:58
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
… writing while a German soldier leans over him. Men shoveling beside barrier. German soldier looks directly at the camera. Farming in a field. Traveling on…
35. 1948 documentary short on Poland (reel 2)
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Film | Accession Number: 2003.214 | RG Number: RG-60.7134 | Film ID: 3066
Film Title:
Poland: The Country and the People
Date:
Cinematic Release: 1948
Duration:
00:10:13
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
… cylinder pulled from furnace. CU molten metal being poured into molds labeled “GIESCHE-ELECTROLYT.” Men shovel fuel into a furnace. Woman pours drinks from…
36. Economic recovery activities in Europe
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Film | Accession Number: 2003.213 | RG Number: RG-60.7131 | Film ID: 3064
Film Title:
ECA master -- Julien Bryan
Date:
Event: circa 1948-1950
Duration:
00:06:12
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…SHOVELS…
37. Children play in the snow
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Film | Accession Number: 2020.177 | RG Number: RG-60.7100 | Film ID: 4468
Film Title:
Feber.40. -- Antonie Eckstein-Bloch -- home movies
Date:
Event: 1940 February
Duration:
00:04:30
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
… nanny. They play in the snowy gardens behind the home, shoveling snow in toy wheelbarrows, and trudge through the deep snow. 01:01:14 The camerawoman and…
38. Officials review Reichsarbeitsdienst workers
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Film | Accession Number: 2011.461 | RG Number: RG-60.7082 | Film ID: 4450
Film Title:
RAD "Die Besichtigung"
Date:
Event: 1943
Duration:
00:13:36
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…SHOVELS…
39. Nazi rallies in Neuer Platz and Linz
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Film | Accession Number: 2011.461 | RG Number: RG-60.7076 | Film ID: 2976
Film Title:
Days in March 1938
Date:
Event: 1938 March
Duration:
00:07:44
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…SHOVELS…
40. Ordnungspolizei in Moravia; Daluege
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Film | Accession Number: 2011.461 | RG Number: RG-60.7073 | Film ID: 2973
Film Title:
1938 Viennese Uniformed Police in Southern Moravia
Date:
Event: 1938 October
Duration:
00:13:31
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…!...” “...beim Einbringen der Ernte…” Nazi soldiers ride on horse-drawn carts. Men shovel and harvest. A line of soldiers stand at attention. They perform drills…
41. Part 2 excerpt from Police Yearly Retrospect 1938
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Film | Accession Number: 2011.461 | RG Number: RG-60.7072 | Film ID: 2972
Film Title:
March 11, 1938: The Great National Turmoil in Austria
Date:
Event: 1938 March
Duration:
00:23:19
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…!” More shots of Goering at the podium and the crowd, including plainclothes civilians. Goering shovels dirt. CU, waving Nazi flags. More shots of the crowd…
42. Part 2 of short film about Eva and György; honeymoon in Budapest
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Film | Accession Number: 2019.432 | RG Number: RG-60.7065 | Film ID: 4442
Film Title:
Egy Ember Tragédiája -- György Pető -- amateur
Date:
Event: 1941 September
Duration:
00:08:30
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…. “Önkéntes munkaszolgálat.” Győrgy and the two friends also begin to work, shoveling dirt. They get into a car. “Margitsziget. (Palatinus.).” Flowers. Eva…
43. Jewish Labor Company 252/2 in Kiszombor (continued) and Királyhegyes
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Film | Accession Number: 2019.432 | RG Number: RG-60.7062 | Film ID: 4439
Film Title:
Emléklap Átosok -- György Pető -- amateur
Date:
Event: September-October 1940
Duration:
00:07:59
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…SHOVELS…
44. Pető prepares a film of the Jewish Labor Company 252/2 in Hungary in fall 1940
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Film | Accession Number: 2019.432 | RG Number: RG-60.7061 | Film ID: 4438
Film Title:
Emléklap Átosok -- György Pető -- amateur
Date:
Event: September-October 1940
Duration:
00:07:39
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…SHOVELS…
45. Jewish children in Budapest; Skiing road trip; City Park
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Film | Accession Number: 2019.127 | RG Number: RG-60.7013 | Film ID: 4391
Film Title:
Untitled -- Ernö Schiffer -- home movies
Date:
Event: 1935-1937
Duration:
00:13:04
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…Éva (János’s sister) plays with a shovel in City Park in summer. Excursion to the country, on a hillside. János carries the camera bag. (01:15) János…
46. German soldiers advance; Russians surrender; Burial ceremony
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Film | RG Number: RG-60.6971 | Film ID: 4344
Film Title:
Untitled (reel 15) -- Eugen Biedenbach -- amateur
Date:
Event: September-December 1941
Duration:
00:11:35
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…, including young boys smiling at camera, shovel soil into large pit. Dennissovka. Poltava. Krasnograd. Germans shovel mud off road, but still require oxen to…
47. Color private films of Germany
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Film | Accession Number: 2016.518 | RG Number: RG-60.5440 | Film ID: 4365
Date:
Event: 1938
Duration:
00:44:03
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…10:00:00 Color: 8-mm private film from Upper Silesia / Peiskretscham, 1938 10:33:51 Color: Private film: Nuremberg, shoveling snow, young people…
48. Agricultural works
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Film | Accession Number: 2016.518 | RG Number: RG-60.5335 | Film ID: 4365
Film Title:
Landwirtschaftliche Arbeiten
Duration:
00:11:30
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
…Potatoes, horse-drawn wagons, plows, women carrying bundles of straw, rural women drinking from a bottle, motorcyclist, straw shovelling, grain sacks…
49. Romania in color
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Film | Accession Number: 2016.518 | RG Number: RG-60.5331 | Film ID: 4365
Film Title:
Rumänien
Date:
Event: 1942/1943
Duration:
00:09:25
Special Collection:
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
… street, snow shovelling soldiers in 1941, picnic in the forest…
50. Warsaw
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Film | Accession Number: 1996.166 | RG Number: RG-60.5089 | Film ID: 4709, 4710, 4711, 4712, 4713, 4714, 4715, 4716
Film Title:
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection, Shots of Locations, Warsaw
Date:
Production: 1985
Duration:
01:51:00
… sheet in a cemetery. (12:44) Men standing in a field holding shovels. (12:57) Three engraved cups and two seals. (13:12) Deep burial pit filled with…