… friends; deciding not to eat bread during Passover; his future wife sending him vegetables; Poles throwing food over the wall; volunteering for deportation…

… prisoner of war; incarceration in Żarki; transfer to Germany; separation of Jews from Poles; forced labor building a lake; receiving extra food for repairing…

… his wife and children; continuing nightmares and hostility toward Germans and Poles.…

… Poles; the four survivors hiding with two Polish women; two of the men pretending to love the women and having affairs with them hoping to increase their…

…; smuggling food daily, at great risk, to support his family; assistance from many Poles, including police; beatings by German soldiers; his father's death from…

… Auschwitz, then Buna/Monowitz; assignment to a privileged position as a translator; writing letters for illiterate Poles to obtain extra food; assignment to…

… route; a Pole releasing them from a Polish prisoner of war camp; arrest while attempting to return to Budapest; deportation to Sered, then Auschwitz in…

… burning the ghetto in June 1942; entrusting valuables to a Pole who did not return them; hiding with his daughter's non-Jewish caretaker; capture; and a…

…; their poverty; his sister's birth in 1930; assisting in his father's business; antisemitic harassment by Poles; German invasion; a futile attempt to flee…

…; hospitalization for typhus; recovering with assistance from friends, including Serge L.; trading recovered valuables to Poles for food; a death march to Kutno, then…

… testifying at the Munich trial of Kunde; traveling to Poland to reward two Poles who had helped him; visiting Świętochłowice in 1990; and writing a book about…

…Videotape testimony of Jan K., a non-Jewish Pole, who was born in Łódź, Poland in 1914. He recalls working as a diplomatic courier for the Polish…

… Pole smuggling letters to him from his brother from which he learned his parents and sisters had been deported; learning his brother had been deported…

… antisemitism among Poles; traveling to Łódź, then Lublin; obtaining false papers as Greeks in order to leave Poland; and briefly staying in Cluj, then Aiud.…

… arranging for them to hide with a Pole; being caught (the others succeeded in hiding); incarceration in the Miechów ghetto, then Płaszów; slave labor with…

… shooting of 200 prisoners; burying the bodies; transfer to Litoměřice via Ústí nad Labem; a Polish prisoner threatening to expose him as Jew; another Pole…

… toward Germans and Poles; and believing that humankind has not learned anything from history.…

…; attempted recruitment by the NKVD; escaping to Łódź; obtaining false papers as Greeks; traveling to Warsaw; Poles killing a Jew on a train; finding Jews in…

… for revenge; their three-month journey to Vilnius; inability to obtain their family property; avoiding antisemitic violence with help from Poles…

…; traveling outside Warsaw to obtain food to sell; observing German executions of random Poles in retaliation for resistance activities; working in German…