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Oral history interview with Maria Kipnis

Oral History | Digitized | Accession Number: 2014.6.1 | RG Number: RG-50.030.0725

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    Oral history interview with Maria Kipnis

    Overview

    Interview Summary
    Maria Kipnis (née Schraibschtein), born in Brovary, Ukraine on June 12, 1928, describes her parents, who were both doctors; how her father, Miron Schraibschtein, served as a doctor in the Soviet Army when WWII began and did not survive the war; how her brother, Emmanuil Schraibschtein, was evacuated from Kiev University to Alma-Ata, served in the Soviet Army, and was killed in the Kherson region on December 23, 1943; how she and her mother, Ida Ofman, fled from Kiev in September 1941, going from village to village and ending up in Glińsk (Hlyns'k, Rivnens'ka oblast, Ukraine); being allowed to live in the morgue of a clinic by a local doctor, Maria Grigoryevna Gaponenko, and her husband, Nikolay Fomich Gaponenko; the horrible conditions; how the Gaponenkos knew they were Jews but never discussed it; changing her name to Tamara Gorskaya and her mother changing hers to Lidiya Mikhaylovna Gorskaya (maiden name Zhukova); how Mr. Gaponenko helped her mother get a new ID; how her mother, who was a dentist, began seeing patients; the German commandant's office in Glinsk and the chief of police, who was a Latvian, added her and her mother’s names to a list of people to be liquidated; how the Gaponenkos helped them avoid arrest; her memories of Ukrainian police killing communists and Jews; the antisemitism in Glinsk; moving with her mother in the beginning of 1943 into a house where the owner sympathized with them; the liberation of Glinsk in September 1943; returning with her mother to Brovary and seeing that their house had been destroyed; how her mother was a well-known person in Brovary before the war, which helped her to get building materials for a new house relatively quickly; how in many cases Jews who returned to Kiev could not get their apartments back; and her views on antisemitism and its effects on relationships between people.
    Interviewee
    Maria Kipnis
    Interviewer
    Liliya Meyerovich
    Date
    interview:  2014 January 14
    Geography
    creation: Silver Spring (Md.)

    Physical Details

    Language
    Russian
    Extent
    1 digital file : WAV.

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
    Conditions on Use
    No restrictions on use

    Keywords & Subjects

    Personal Name
    Kipnis, Maria, 1928-

    Administrative Notes

    Provenance
    Liliya Meyerovich, on behalf of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Oral History Branch, conducted the oral history interview with Maria Kipnis in Silver Spring, MD on January 14, 2014.
    Funding Note
    The cataloging of this oral history interview has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
    Record last modified:
    2023-11-16 08:04:30
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn74778

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