Oral history interview with Elemír Hudy
Some video files begin with 10-60 seconds of color bars.
- Interviewee
- Elemír Hudy
- Date
-
2014 April 12
(interview)
- Extent
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1 digital file : MPEG-4.
- Credit Line
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, courtesy of the Jeff and Toby Herr Foundation
Elemír Hudy, born in 1927 in Košice, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes befriending a German soldier who disliked Hitler; hearing of atrocities committed by Germans on Jews; the arrest and imprisonment of Jews in a local brickyard; the deportation of the Jews; his arrest by Hungarian soldiers and deportation to Neuhammer to work in 1943; the arrest of his family members; his escape to Vienna and imprisonment there; his uncle's labor in Dachau; and the persecution of Romani peoples.
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Record last modified: 2018-08-27 10:06:26
This page: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn82958
Also in Oral history interviews of the Slovak Witnesses Documentation Project
Date: 2011 September 24-2011 September 29
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Oral history interview with Anna Kmecová
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Oral history interview with Juraj Sirotský
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Oral history interview with Anna Štofanová
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Oral history interview with Mária Kalafová
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Oral history interview with Ján Balog
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Jan Balog, born February 10, 1926 in Hlinne, Slovakia, discusses the deportation of Jews who lived in the Slovak State; seeing a family acquaintance Jakob Karpel and his sisters being taken away on a wagon; seeing Jews wearing yellow Star of David badges; his memories of Jakob Karpel and other Jews working on railroad construction; seeing Jakob Karpel’s younger brother Adolf planting trees in the forest for work; and bringing water to forced laborers at the railroad construction site.
Oral history interview with Aladár Vitkovič
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Oral history interview with Andrej Velebír
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Andrej Velebír, born in 1933 in Czechoslovakia, describes how in Hanušovce the Jewish population was well integrated into the town; positive relations between the Jewish and non-Jewish population; the introduction of anti-Jewish laws, including the wearing of Star of David badges; Jews giving their valuables to non-Jewish neighbors for protection; resistance actions of some Jews; the deportation of the Jews in 1942; the aryanization of Jewish shops; the confiscation and auction of Jewish property; the protection of some Jews by Gardists for a period of time; the building of a railway for the military by the town labor camp; an uprising by the Partisans against the Germans; how his father was against the violent actions; the evacuation of his family and their stay in the woods around Remeniny; and life in the aftermath of war.
Oral history interview with Anna Hanzová
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Oral history interview with Oĺga Mokósová
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Oral history interview with Zoltán Kukula
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Oral history interview with Pavel Pavlišák
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Oral history interview with Ladislav Demčko
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Ladislav Demčko, born in 1932 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Bardejov; restrictions placed upon the Jewish community during the war; the Hlinka Guards; an incident in which members of the Hitler Youth attacked a group of Jews; violent acts by local townspeople against members of the Jewish community; the deportation of local Jews by Hlinka Guards and Ukrainian soldiers; a local townsman who denounced Jews; the auctioning of Jewish owned property; and the return of some Jews after the war.
Oral history interview with Žofia Haňovová
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Žofia Haňovová, born in 1921 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Bardejov; the beginning of the war; the restrictions placed upon the Jewish community during the war, including the Aryanization of Jewish owned businesses; the treatment of Jews by members of the Hlinka Guard; her membership in the Hlinka Youth; hearing anti-Jewish propaganda on the radio; a group of Hitler Youth stationed in her hometown; incidents in which Jews converted to Christianity and survived the war; witnessing deportations of local Jews, including her Jewish friend; her father's work as a policeman; how he allowed some Jews to escape the transport; local Jewish families who went into hiding; the auctioning of Jewish owned belongings; the liberation of Bardejov in 1945; and the return of Jews who survived the Holocaust.
Oral history interview with Helena Belunková
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Helena Belunková, born in 1920 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Raslavice; restrictions placed upon the Jewish community during the war; local members of the Hlinka Guard; her marriage in 1942; the persecution of Jews, Czechs, and Roma by the Hlinka Guard; witnessing the deportation of the Jewish population; Hlinka Guard members searching for Jews in hiding; local Jews who went into hiding; the auctioning of Jewish owned property, which was purchased by local townspeople; and the conversion of some Jews to Christianity during the war.
Oral history interview with František Onofrej
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František Onofrej, born in 1933 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Prešov; restrictions placed on the Jewish community during the war; the Aryanization of Jewish businesses; the harassment of Jewish children by non-Jewish children; a Jewish couple living with his family in 1941 until their deportation in 1944; damage to the local synagogue caused by Hlinka Guard members in 1943; deportations of Jews; transports of Jews going to Poland passing through his hometown; the auction of Jewish owned belongings to local townspeople; a raid in 1944 to catch communists; the return of some Jews after the war; and the punishment of one Hlinka Guard member after the war.
Oral history interview with Ján Čorba-Sídlisko
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Ján Čorba-Sídlisko, born in 1927 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Michalovce; the establishment of the Slovak State in 1939; restrictions placed on the Jewish community during the war, including the Aryanization of Jewish owned businesses; problems encountered by his family because of their good relations with Jews; the conversion of some Jews to Christianity; the organization of transports to Auschwitz in 1942; visiting a detention camp in Čemerné in 1942; the actions of the Hlinka Guard members; the auction of Jewish owned belongings; and his knowledge of Jews who joined partisan units and survived the war.
Oral history interview with Alžbeta Vargová
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Alžbeta Vargová, born in 1929 in Czechoslovakia, describes the prewar Jewish community of Sered'; her father's work in the local cemetery; the establishment of a Hlinka Guard branch in Sered' in 1942; the establishment of a concentration camp in 1942; threats received by her father for his refusal to join the Hlinka Guard; the denouncement of local Jews to German forces by Hlinka Guard members; deportations of Jews; the looting of Jewish owned belongings by Hlinka Guard members; her father work to bury victims from the local labor camp; an incident in which her brother allowed a Jewish prisoner to escape; German soldiers and Hlinka Guards searching her home for hidden people; recording a list of graves in the cemetery to document who was buried in which grave; the Slovak National Uprising in 1944; a Jewish couple who survived a death camp; the postwar punishment of the local Hlinka Guard commander; and the return of two Jewish men after the war.
Oral history interview with Emília Kernová
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Emília Kernová, born in 1926 in Pezinok, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes the persecution of her father because of his membership in Milan Rastislav Štefánik's legion during the World War I; her family's move to Modra in 1938; living with a family in Trnava who took patronage over her; her adopted family aiding Jews during the war; aiding in the transportation of Jewish children into hiding in 1941; her mother caring for an elderly Jewish woman; partisans hiding in the orphanage; the burning of a dormitory which led to the death of many children; bringing food to a Jewish family in hiding; the deportation of the Jews; and her relationships with the Jewish community after the war.
Oral history interview with Jozef Kardoš
Oral History
Jozef Kardoš, born in 1936 in Rajec, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes the prewar Jewish community of Rajec; the confiscation of radios; the cruel actions of German soldiers; the deportation of local Jews; the looting of Jewish owned homes by Hlinka Guard members; anti-Jewish propaganda; and the punishment of Hlkina Guard members after the war.
Oral history interview with Emanuel Šmídl
Oral History
Emanuel Šmídl, born in 1912 in Nový Knín, Czechoslovakia (present day Czech Republic), describes living in Sabinov; the prewar Jewish community of Sabinov; the restrictions placed on the Jewish community during the war; the aryanization of Jewish-owned businesses; the treatment of Jews by Hlinka Guard members; a Jewish woman in hiding who was caught by German soldiers; the deportation of the Jewish community; German soldiers shooting people attempting to escape to Hungary; and his participation in the resistance movement.
Oral history interview with Cecília Sigotská
Oral History
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Oral history interview with Helena Faltínová
Oral History
Helena Faltínová, born in 1926 in Spišská Sobota, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), describes growing up in Košice; the prewar Jewish community of Košice; local Hungarians searching for communists and denouncing townspeople; witnessing a deportation of local Jews; conditions for Jews during the war; witnessing a hanging of communists, Jews, and partisans by German soldiers and Nyilasi; the treatment of local townspeople by Nyilasi members; local townspeople attempting to help Jews; a Jewish ghetto in Kosice; and her Jewish boss who survived a concentration camp.
Oral history interview with Alžbeta Buksárová
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Alžbeta Buksárová, born in 1933 in Pol'ana, Czechoslovakia (Vel'ká Pol'ana, Slovakia), describes a Jewish friend; her hometown becoming a part of Hungary in 1939; the deportation of her Jewish friends and the looting of their apartment by local guards; bringing milk to her Jewish friends; local Jews going into hiding; the arrest and imprisonment of her father and uncles by Russian forces; and her family's relocation to Slovakia.
Oral history interview with Mária Hriciková
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Mária Hriciková, born in 1922 in Rokytov, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes the prewar Jewish community of Rokytov; witnessing the deportation of the Jewish community; local townspeople moving into emptied Jewish-owned homes; the looting of Jewish-owned belongings; and the return of two Jewish women to her hometown after the war.
Oral history interview with Anna Flešárová
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Anna Flešárová, born in 1932 in Košice, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes the prewar Jewish community of Košice, including her Jewish neighbors; the arrival of Hungarian forces; restrictions placed upon the Jewish community during the war; the cruel treatment of Jews by Nyilas members; and the deportation of local Jews in 1944.
Oral history interview with Rafael Szabó
Oral History
Rafael Szabó, born in 1923 in Smolník, Czechoslovakia (present day Slovakia), describes the prewar Jewish community of his hometown and the nationalities of other residents; his Jewish neighbors; a Jewish man who helped his father; local townspeople terrorizing the Jewish community; anti-Jewish propaganda; the anti-fascist leanings of his parents; Hlinka Guard members; the Aryanization of Jewish owned businesses; Jews going into hiding; the deportation of local Jews by Hlinka Guard members and German soldiers in 1942; the looting of Jewish owned property; joining the Hlinka party to secure work; a Jewish man who returned to Smolník after the war; and books that he wrote about his youth and life during World War II.
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Oral History
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Oral history interview with František Malík
Oral History
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Oral history interview with Ján Malík
Oral History
Ján Malík, born in 1930 in Šarišské Sokolovce, Slovakia, describes attending an elementary school in his village when the deportations of Jews began; witnessing with a crowd of locals the deportation of the two local Jews (Mrs. Hana Valdová (alternative spelling, Valdmanová) and her sister); the earlier deportation of Mrs. Hana Valdová’s daughter, Gizela; the looting and auctioning of Mrs. Hana Valdová’s belongings after the deportation; anti-Jewish songs that were popular at that time; hearing about other deportations from Sabinov, Slovakia; and seeing transports from Hungary a few times in Sabinov.
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Oral History
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Oral history interview with Vlasta Poláková
Oral History
Vlasta Poláková, born on January 21, 1926 in Košice, Slovakia, describes her experiences in Žilina, Slovakia during WWII; talking to some Jewish women in Spišská Nová Ves, Slovakia in 1938 who were being sent to Germany to work in recreational facilities; moving to Ostrava, Slovakia with her family when the Hungarians took over Košice; moving to Žilina; hiding three Jewish families in the cellar of their house in Rajec, Slovakia (circa 1944); seeing Jews being forced to do labor in the streets of Žilina; watching the deportation of Jews by train from Žilina; seeing a mass grave; the curfew; Jews having to wear yellow stars; the detainment of Jews by Hlinka Guards; and the Hlinka Guard conventions every three months and the songs they sang.
Oral history interview with Margita Michalčíková
Oral History
Margita Michalčíková, born in 1934 in Hrčel, Slovakia, describes growing up in Hrčel; her five siblings; playing with the three children of their Jewish neighbors, the Höfnigovo (Höfnig) family; the synagogue the Jews in Hrčel attended in Novosad; the good relations between the Jews and non-Jews in their village; Jews having to wear yellow stars; the Hungarian occupation; the deportation circa 1943 of the Jews on a horse-driven wagon and led by Hungarian gendarmes; saying goodbye to her Jewish friends before they were deported; the looting of Jewish homes; and the arrival of Russian soldiers in December 1944.
Oral history interview with Ján Bajus
Oral History
Ján Bajus, born in 1926 in Dargov, Slovakia, describes his first encounter with Jews when he worked at a sawmill in Sečovce, Slovakia; the owner of the sawmill, Mr. Friedman, who was Jewis; the aryanization of the mill by two brothers by the name of Antal and the closing of the business soon after; working for Mr. Mandel in Michalovce who was also Jewish and in the timber business; going with Mr. Mandel to the bank because Jews at the time were not permitted to withdraw and deposit money; saying goodbye to Mr. Mandel before he was deported; seeing the deportation of Mr. Friedman along with other Jews from Sečovce, including numerous Jewish business owners; his Jewish friend, Mr. Šamo, who was a miller; some of the Hlinka Guards who were tried after the war; and the looting of Jewish homes after the deportations.
Oral history interview with Pavol Bruňo
Oral History
Pavol Bruňo, born in 1929 in Močarany (now part of Michalovce), Slovakia, describes the Jews living in the village when he was a child, including Mr. Icko (a travelling salesman), Mr. Berko, and Mr. Grossman (a travelling salesman); attending school with Jewish classmates; the good relations between Jews and non-Jews; occasionally starting the hearth fire for Jews on Saturday; the Hlinka Guards; seeing the Jews being taken away by train and going to say goodbye to them at the station; witnessing a Jewish woman being hit with a rifle by a Hlinka Guard; teachers from his school who were in the Hlinka Guards; the Hlinka Guards’ song; and none of the Jews returning after the war except one man (named Mr. Grossman) who survived in hiding.
Oral history interview with Mária Tomková
Oral History
Mária Tomková, born in 1933 in Hraň, Slovakia, describes living in Hraň until she was 19 years old; attending a Hungarian school in Hraň while it was occupied by the Hungarians; having one Jewish classmate, Edita Grossmannová; the other Jews in Hraň; the good relations between Jews and non-Jews; some Jews fleeing before the deportations occurred; the roundup of the Jews (approximately 15 people) in the center of the village, behind the church; local authorities taking over the Jewish houses after the deportation; and the return of one of the Jewish girls, who told the village about her experiences in concentration camps and eventually immigrated to Canada.
Oral history interview with Ján Kušnír
Oral History
Ján Kušnír, born in 1930 in Sečovce, Slovakia, describes life before the war; the good relations between Christians, Jews, and Romanies; the establishment of the Slovak state and many Czechs moving out of Sečovce; his memories of anti-Jewish sentiment beginning when it was rumored that the Jews were going to be segregated and deported; many Jews trying to flee before the deportation; his mother working as a maid for a Jewish family, the Hecht family (two of the grown children from the family managed to immigrate to the United States before the deportation); witnessing the roundups and deportations which involved the Hlinka Guards and local police; hearing about a labor camp in Čemerné, Slovakia; the aryanization of Jewish businesses before the deportations; the public auctions of Jewish property; hearing about Jews in hiding, including the Kleins who survived the war in hiding; not knowing anyone from Sečovce who came back from a death camp; and the Hlinka Youth (Hlinkova mládež) established in his school and which everyone had to join.
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Oral history interview with Anna Gulovichová Alžbeta
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Oral history interview with Eva Skokňová
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Oral history interview with Július Perger
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Oral history interview with Helena Gerberyová
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Oral history interview with Anna Čokinová
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Oral history interview with Anton Palka
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Oral history interview with Vlasta Gaceková
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Oral history interview with Emília Muchová
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Oral history interview with Štefánia Šusteková
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Oral history interview with Michal Patrik
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Oral history interview with Lubomir Skrovina
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Oral history interview with Jana Skrovinova
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Oral history interview with Gabriella Kürthy
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