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Oral history interview with Panagiotis Efopoulos

Oral History | Digitized | Accession Number: 2014.530.7 | RG Number: RG-50.855.0007

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    Oral history interview with Panagiotis Efopoulos

    Overview

    Interview Summary
    Panagiotis Efopoulos, born in February 1928 in Kastoria, Greece, describes his experience as a Greek Christian during the Italian/German occupation, 1941-1945; his family, which was comprised of his parents and five siblings; being the second oldest child; living on 23 Agiou Athanasiou Street; his parents arriving in Kastoria in 1927 from Western Turkey as refuges during the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey; his father’s work transporting goods on his horse-drawn cart; how when he was young he did not have Jewish friends because his house was not close to the Jewish neighborhood; his father knowing a couple of Jewish laborers and merchant customers; the good relations between Jews and Christians in Kastoria; his Jewish friends after the war, including Mordos (who now lives in Israel), Michel Mevorah, and the Eliaou family; the Jews he remembers from Kastoria before the war, including Mousikos (a grocer), Bohoris (a coolie), Mrs. Mazalto, and Rousis (who had a dairy store); the few Jews from Kastoria who survived the war and the few Jews who escaped into the mountains; his memories of Jews controlling most of the commerce in Kastoria, except the fur industry; buying pounds of sterling from a Jewish jeweler to illegally sell in another town and getting caught by the Germans but managing to get out of trouble; conditions during the Italian occupation; the execution of approximately 70 people for cooperating with the partisans; the worse conditions during the German occupation; Jews being forced to wear the Star of David on their chest or arm; the marking of all the Jewish stores with the Star of David; the roundup of Jews in 1943 and the deportations a few days later; seeing 30-40 army trucks transporting the Jews out of the city; the three-day curfew the Germans imposed, during which the Germans and Kastorian collaborators took merchandise from Jewish stores; locals breaking into and pillaging Jewish homes; entering a Jewish home with a few friends and leaving before he took anything because the German Commandant came into the house; being beaten by a Greek collaborator in the group named Toundas; locals moving into Jewish homes; how after the war most of the houses were given back to their rightful owners or the Jewish community; some Kastorians staying in the homes illegally; and knowing some people who profited because of the deportation of the Jews.
    Interviewee
    Panagiotis Efopoulos
    Date
    interview:  2014 November 13
    Credit Line
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, courtesy of the Jeff and Toby Herr Foundation

    Physical Details

    Language
    Greek
    Extent
    1 digital file : MPEG-4.

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
    Conditions on Use
    No restrictions on use

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Provenance
    This is a witness interview of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Perpetrators, Collaborators, and Witnesses: The Jeff and Toby Herr Testimony Initiative, a multi-year project to record the testimonies of non-Jewish witnesses to the Holocaust. The interview was directed and supervised by Nathan Beyrak.
    Funding Note
    The production of this interview was made possible by Jeff and Toby Herr.
    The cataloging of this oral history interview has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
    Record last modified:
    2023-11-16 09:33:35
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn184477

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