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Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 48 and 49 -- Testimony of Perla Mark and Dr. T. Lowenstein Lavi; Romanian documents

Film | Digitized | Accession Number: 1999.A.0087 | RG Number: RG-60.2100.060 | Film ID: 2059

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    Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 48 and 49 -- Testimony of Perla Mark and Dr. T. Lowenstein Lavi; Romanian documents

    Overview

    Description
    Session 48. Testimony from Perla Mark who describes the burning of the main synagogue in Czernowitz and the murder of Jews including her husband, the town's chief rabbi. Mark gives an account of the deportation of her son and brother to Theresienstadt. She states that her brother died in Theresienstadt and that her son was sent to Auschwitz, where he was forced to play cello in the camp orchestra.

    Begins in the middle of testimony from Theodor Löwenstein. The witness speaks in Hebrew. Löwenstein describes the physical measures against the Jews in Romania including the pogroms in Jassy, Bessarabia, and Bukovina. There are various shots of Eichmann in the booth during this section. Löwenstein gives an account of the deportations from Czernowitz to the Transnistria and Bogdanovka camps (00:08:51). He also gives an estimate of the number of Romanian Jews that were exterminated. Part of the proceedings are missing and the footage continues with testimony from Löwenstein concerning attempts made to stop deportations and the various embassies from which he requested intervention. Löwenstein gives an account of the underground halutzim (Zionist movements) in Bucharest. He then describes the scale of forced labor in Romania, including the size of the camps (including Vapniarka) and the number of people being drafted to work (00:17:50).

    State Attorney Bach submits documents pertaining to the proposed emigration of Jewish orphans from Transnistria to Palestine and Eichmann's attempts to stop these emigrations. Eichmann takes notes throughout this segment. Other documents are submitted, including documents about the number of Romanian Jews with radio sets in their possession and the "Romanization" (presumably Aryanization) of Jewish property (00:24:18).

    Session 49. Testimony from Dr. Ernst Abeles. He discusses the Jewish Central Office and interactions with Eichmann's deputy, Dieter Wisliceny. Abeles testifies to the establishment by Wisliceny of labor camps. Only a few questions regarding labor camps are missing from testimony. Abeles gives an account of his first meeting with Eichmann in Bratislava. Eichmann takes notes. Abeles giving an account of attempts made by Rabbi Weissmandel to pay off Wisliceny to stop the deportations. The witness describes the "Europe Plan," an attempt made by the Jewish community to pay a large sum of money to stop deportations all over Europe. Discussions between the witness, Bach, and the judges pertain to the proposed "Europe Plan" and the attempts made to alert the world to the extermination of the Jews following the report made by two Slovaks who had escaped Auschwitz. There is some video interference towards the end of this segment but the testimony is complete.
    Film Title
    Eichmann Trial
    Duration
    01:01:30
    Date
    Event:  1961 May 23
    Production:  1961 May 23
    Locale
    Jerusalem, Israel
    Credit
    Accessed at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of The Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archives of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
    Contributor
    Director: Leo Hurwitz
    Producer: Milton Fruchtman
    Camera Operator: Rolf M. Kneller
    Camera Operator: F. Csaznik
    Camera Operator: J. Jonilowicz
    Camera Operator: J. Kalach
    Camera Operator: Emil Knebel
    Producer: Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation
    Biography
    Emil Knebel was a cinematographer known for Andante (2010), Adam (1973), and Wild Is My Love (1963). He was one of the cameramen who recorded daily coverage of the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem (produced by Capital Cities Broadcasting Corp and later held academic positions in Israel and New York teaching filmmaking at universities. Refer to CV in file.

    Physical Details

    Language
    English German Hebrew
    Genre/Form
    Unedited.
    B&W / Color
    Black & White
    Image Quality
    Poor
    Time Code
    00:00:19:00 to 01:01:49:00
    Film Format
    • Master
    • Master 2059 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2059 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2059 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2059 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
    • Preservation
    • Preservation 2059 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2059 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2059 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2059 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    You do not require further permission from the Museum to access this archival media.
    Copyright
    Public Domain
    Conditions on Use
    To the best of the Museum's knowledge, this material is in the public domain. You do not require further permission from the Museum to reproduce or use this material.

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Film Provenance
    Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation recorded the proceedings of the Adolf Eichmann trial in 1961. The original recording was made on two-inch format videotape. One set of videotapes contained selected portions of the trial for distribution to television stations. The "selected portions" version remained in Israel and was later turned over to the Israel State Archives. Capital Cities Broadcasting retained the set of videotapes containing the complete trial proceedings at offices in New York City until 1965, when they gave the videotapes to the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The Anti-Defamation League, in turn, gave the complete set to the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1972. With a grant from the Revson Foundation, Hebrew University transferred the two-inch videotapes to U-Matic format. During the transfer process, Hebrew University created three duplicate sets. One set was given to the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive, one to the Israel State Archives, and one set to the Jewish Museum in New York City. In 1995, the Israel State Archives transferred the trial footage to digital videoformat with a grant from the Israeli Prime Minister's Office. Three subsequent digital videotape copies resulted from this transfer of footage. The Israel State Archives retained one digital copy and a second set was deposited at the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum received the third set of digital videotapes in May 1999.
    Note
    See official transcripts, published in "The Trial of Adolf Eichmann", Vol. I-V, State of Israel, Ministry of Justice, Jerusalem, 1994. Also available online at the Nizkor Project.

    *Very low response frequency on master. Some concentrated dropout. Camera on Eichmann very grainy. Occasional breaks in video.
    Copied From
    2" Quad
    Film Source
    Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive
    File Number
    Legacy Database File: 2162
    Source Archive Number: VTEI 302
    Record last modified:
    2024-02-21 07:32:14
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn1001582

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