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Eichmann Trial -- Session 51 -- Diaries of Yekuel & Klepper; Hungary documents; testimony of Pinhas Freudiger

Film | Digitized | Accession Number: 1999.A.0087 | RG Number: RG-60.2100.063 | Film ID: 2062

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    Eichmann Trial -- Session 51 -- Diaries of Yekuel & Klepper; Hungary documents; testimony of Pinhas Freudiger

    Overview

    Description
    Footage begins with a shot of the courtroom in the middle of Session 51. The judges are looking over a set of documents. Judge Landau notes that they have decided to admit into evidence selections from the diary of Advocate Yomtov Yekuel and an affidavit from Advocate Asher Rafael Moissis (00:02:00). State Attorney Yaacov Bar-Or addresses the court with excerpts from Yekuel's diary pertaining to the experience of the Jews in Salonika, Greece. Footage cuts out from 00:07:54 to 00:08:06, but nothing is missing from the proceedings.

    Shots of Eichmann in the booth looking at documents. Bar-Or submits excerpts from the diary of German poet Jochen Klepper, who married a Jewish woman with a daughter. The excerpts describe how he tried, through Interior Minister Frick, to obtain exit visas for himself and his family. Frick arranged an interview with Eichmann, but the Kleppers could not obtain the visas and all three committed suicide. There are shots of Eichmann and the prosecution's table. Hausner, Bar-Or and Bach are visible. Bach is smiling (00:14:23).

    Bach asks the court to look at documents from the interrogation of Eichmann's deputy, Dieter Wisliceny, in which Wisliceny states that he received orders from Günther and Eichmann to model the Slovak anti-Jewish legislation on the German laws (00:16:24). Bach reads quotes from the text in English.

    The prosecution turns to the topic of Hungary (00:20:11). This section covers the submission of several documents pertaining to pre-March 1944 Hungary (before the German occupation) and the Hungarian government. This duplicates footage from Tape 2063 (at 00:35:46) but is more complete on this tape and continues with the proceedings on the submission of documents.

    Bach calls to the stand Pinhas Freudiger (spelled Pinchas on the Nizkor version of the transcripts), formerly known as Fulop von Freudiger (his name is mentioned in reference to deportations/rescues in Tape 2181). Freudiger states that he is a native of Budapest and worked in a textile factory owned by his grandfather. This duplicates footage found on Tape 2061 (at 00:41:52) but this tape is more complete. Freudiger testifies to the approximate number of Jews in Hungary at the start of the war, how the Hungarian borders changed, and the effect of these changes on the Jewish population (00:46:19). He then recounts the relationship between the Hungarian government and the Jewish population before March 1944 and afterwards. He discusses anti-Semitism following World War I (00:48:47). Various shots of the judge's bench, Eichmann, and the prosecution, but the camera focuses primarily on Freudiger.

    Footage repeats the last minute or so of testimony from the previous section and continues with an account of the period after the Anschluss in Austria and the implementation of anti-Jewish laws in Hungary. Some of these were based on the Nuremberg Laws. Freudiger then gives an account of the first deportations from Hungary in 1941 (00:55:23). Bach asks whether there was a radical change in anti-Jewish legislation between 1941 and 1944. Freudiger speaks about the establishment of labor camps and the labor service.
    Film Title
    Eichmann Trial
    Duration
    01:03:25
    Date
    Event:  1961 May 24
    Production:  1961 May 24
    Locale
    Jerusalem, Israel
    Credit
    Accessed at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of The Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archives of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
    Contributor
    Director: Leo Hurwitz
    Producer: Milton Fruchtman
    Camera Operator: Rolf M. Kneller
    Camera Operator: F. Csaznik
    Camera Operator: J. Jonilowicz
    Camera Operator: J. Kalach
    Camera Operator: Emil Knebel
    Producer: Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation
    Biography
    Emil Knebel was a cinematographer known for Andante (2010), Adam (1973), and Wild Is My Love (1963). He was one of the cameramen who recorded daily coverage of the Eichmann trial in Jerusalem (produced by Capital Cities Broadcasting Corp and later held academic positions in Israel and New York teaching filmmaking at universities. Refer to CV in file.

    Physical Details

    Genre/Form
    Unedited.
    B&W / Color
    Black & White
    Image Quality
    Mixed
    Time Code
    00:00:27:00 to 01:03:52:00
    Film Format
    • Master
    • Master 2062 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2062 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2062 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
      Master 2062 Video: Digital Betacam - NTSC - large
    • Preservation
    • Preservation 2062 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2062 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2062 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large
      Preservation 2062 Video: Betacam SP - NTSC - large

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    You do not require further permission from the Museum to access this archival media.
    Copyright
    Public Domain
    Conditions on Use
    To the best of the Museum's knowledge, this material is in the public domain. You do not require further permission from the Museum to reproduce or use this material.

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Film Provenance
    Capital Cities Broadcasting Corporation recorded the proceedings of the Adolf Eichmann trial in 1961. The original recording was made on two-inch format videotape. One set of videotapes contained selected portions of the trial for distribution to television stations. The "selected portions" version remained in Israel and was later turned over to the Israel State Archives. Capital Cities Broadcasting retained the set of videotapes containing the complete trial proceedings at offices in New York City until 1965, when they gave the videotapes to the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. The Anti-Defamation League, in turn, gave the complete set to the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1972. With a grant from the Revson Foundation, Hebrew University transferred the two-inch videotapes to U-Matic format. During the transfer process, Hebrew University created three duplicate sets. One set was given to the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive, one to the Israel State Archives, and one set to the Jewish Museum in New York City. In 1995, the Israel State Archives transferred the trial footage to digital videoformat with a grant from the Israeli Prime Minister's Office. Three subsequent digital videotape copies resulted from this transfer of footage. The Israel State Archives retained one digital copy and a second set was deposited at the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum received the third set of digital videotapes in May 1999.
    Note
    See official transcripts, published in "The Trial of Adolf Eichmann", Vol. I-V, State of Israel, Ministry of Justice, Jerusalem, 1994. Also available online at the Nizkor Project.

    *Wet head transfer. "s" distortion and "h" jitter. Displacement error in master.
    Copied From
    2" Quad
    Film Source
    Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive
    File Number
    Legacy Database File: 2165
    Source Archive Number: VTEI 191
    Record last modified:
    2024-02-21 07:46:37
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn1001585

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