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Portfolio of architectural studies of 2 sites in Rome by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

Object | Accession Number: 2012.471.168

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    Portfolio of architectural studies of 2 sites in Rome by a Jewish soldier, 2nd Polish Corps

    Overview

    Brief Narrative
    0o0
    Artwork Title
    La Piazza Quirinale
    Il Palazzo della Consulta
    Series Title
    Raggio di Piazza Quirinale, Roma, 1946
    Date
    creation:  1946
    Geography
    depiction: Piazza del Quirinale (Rome, Italy)
    creation: Rome (Italy)
    Credit Line
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Krystyna Mew
    Contributor
    Artist: Edward H. Hartry
    Subject: Edward H. Hartry
    Biography
    Edward Henryk Herzbaum (later Hartry) was born on October 6, 1920, in Vienna, Austria. He was the only son of a Jewish couple, Dr. Alexander and Fanny Hermelin Herzbaum. Alexander was a chemical engineer, born in Tarnow, Poland, in February 1886 to Mendel (1855-1930) and Chana Ettinger Herzbaum, who married in 1882. They also had a daughter Gisela (1884-1912.) Chana died in 1886. In 1888, Mendel married Beila Lea Ettinger (b. August 22, 1864). Mendel and Beila had two children: Jakob (1888-1966) and Herman. Edward's mother Fanny was born in Boryslaw, Poland, near Lvov on May 30, 1890, to Samuel (d. 1922) and Chaje Sara Backenroth Hermelin. Fanny had four siblings, Rifke (b. 1883), Cirl (b. 1888), Zacharje (1884-1925), and Abraham (1885-1886.) In 1928, Edward's family moved to Poland and settled in Zawiercie. Edward had asthma and wore glasses, as he was very shortsighted. In 1934, they moved to Łódź. Alexander, 51, died in July 1937 of cancer. Edward graduated from high school in May 1938, and deferred his military service to enroll at the Warsaw Polytechnic, Faculty of Architecture. He had completed two semesters when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Edward joined the Polish Auxiliary Forces as a volunteer and was arrested by the Germans with other paramilitary youth a few days later. Edward escaped and returned to Łódź. The Soviet Union invaded and occupied eastern Poland. German occupying authorities in Łódź enacted oppressive anti-Jewish measures. At the urging of his mother, Edward, then 19, left Łódź on December 6, 1939, and went east to Lvov, which was under Soviet control.

    In Lvov, Edward lived with his maternal aunt and had an assortment of jobs, including office worker at a construction site, skiing instructor, and lifeguard at a swimming pool in a Soviet sports center. In June 1940, Edward was arrested by the NKVD (Soviet Security Police), tortured, and exiled to a gulag near Rybinsk on the Volga River. The prisoners logged and hauled trees in freezing temperatures. They worked on the construction of a reservoir and hydro-electric plant. The camp was primitive, and the inmates suffered from starvation, exhaustion, and brutal treatment from the guards. Edward spent months in the infirmary, but his poor health did not exempt him from abuse. Around this time, Edward began to keep a journal.

    In June 1941, Germany invaded the USSR. The Soviets issued an amnesty of the Polish forced laborers and other Soviet prisoners. Some were needed to work in factories and agriculture to replace the Russians mobilized into the Red Army. Other prisoners were released to join the fight against the Germans. An agreement was signed between the Polish Government in Exile and the Soviet government to form a Polish Army in the East, commanded by General Wladyslaw Anders. After his release, Edward traveled south to Tatischewo (now Turkmenbasy) in Turkemenistan in September, and joined Anders Army as a soldier in the 5th Kresowa Infantry Division. It was a difficult existence, as the Soviets were unwilling to supply enough food or equipment to sustain the Polish soldiers. On August 17, 1942, they left Soviet territory, crossing the Caspian Sea to Pahlevi, Iran (now Bandar-e-Anzali.) At this point, they were placed under the control of the British government and became the Polish Second Corps, a unit of the British Army affiliated with the Polish Armed Forces in the West. The troops travelled through Bakhtaran (now Kirmanshah) then to Khanaqin, Iraq, as they received training from British forces.

    Edward’s health improved as he got out of the Soviet Union, and food and supplies were plentiful. However, the increasingly horrifying news from Poland affected him deeply, and he experienced bouts of depression. Painting and drawing materials were available and Edward began to document events with sketches and watercolors. In March 1943, the Corps was in Habbaniya, Iraq, and in September, went to Nuseirat, Palestine. In February 1944, the unit moved to Quassasin, Egypt. The Polish soldiers were fully trained now and, on February 18, Edward and his division boarded the M.S. Dilwara in Port Said for Taranto, Italy, where they joined the Italian Campaign under the command of the Eighth British Army. They fought their way north through Italy, experiencing high casualties, especially in the May 1944 final Battle of Monte Cassino, the fourth assault on those German defenses since January 1944. Edward visited the cemetery at Aquafondate and saw the names of many men he knew well. Edward, although Jewish by birth, was an atheist and, for him, the comradeship and closeness between soldier’s transcended class and religion. They relied on each other completely, as they experienced the trauma of war together. In June, the Corps fought in the Adriatic Campaign, including the Battle of Ancona, capturing the city on July 18, 1944.

    The war ended in early May 1945 with Germany's surrender. Many Polish soldiers did not want to return to their now communist-run country and had to wait in Italy while the British Army determined what to do. Edward learned that his mother had died in Łódź Ghetto. He was given leave to resume education and studied architecture at the University of Rome from March - September 1946. In October, Edward and other Polish veterans sailed from Naples on the SS Marine Raven, arriving in Glasgow in early November. Edward was assigned to an army camp near High Wycombe. In September 1947, he was given leave to study architecture at Polish University College in London. He was discharged as a private from the Polish forces and listed as a member of the Polish Resettlement Corps from November 1947-June 1949.

    In 1949, Edward changed his name from Herzbaum to Hartry, following the example of a cousin, Ted, who had escaped to the US where he joined the US Army. Edward completed his architecture studies in June 1950. He was an architect's assistant at the London County Council. In 1952, he became a British national. In his naturalization form, he states that his mother died in 1940-1941, exact date not known. He never knew the details of her passing. Records discovered later said Fanny, 53, died of peritonitis in Łódź Ghetto on December 12, 1943. Edward established an architectural firm with two partners. In 1956, Edward, called Edek, married Teresa Jaskolska, a Polish Catholic woman. She had a daughter from a previous marriage and the couple had a daughter in 1957. Edward, 47, died on February 22, 1967, of cancer. After Teresa’s death in 2002, his daughter Krystyna Mew discovered his wartime artwork and journals, which were translated and published in 2010 as Lost between Worlds: A World War II Journey of Survival.

    Physical Details

    Language
    Italian
    Classification
    Art
    Category
    Drawings
    Physical Description
    Alphabetical components assigned for cataloging only. Most drawings are in pencil on discolored offwhite paper. All are signed and dated, and most identified in the lower right corner.
    a. Portfolio folder made from light gray paper, now stained, with glued on extensions with 4 flaps to hold the 2 folders with drawings inside. The front center has a stylized monogram E in white chalk; below are place names and year in red and black ink.
    b. Portfolio folder of discolored, light brown paper with glued on extensions with 4 flaps to hold the drawings inside. The front center has a calligraphic place name in black ink, with 2 letters in red. 12.875h x 9.250w.
    b1. Elevation drawing of Scuderie del Quirinale with lines highlighting the vertical grid. The view is from midpoint in the square and captures the curved corner and variety of window details. It is dated by the artist and signed and dated by his instructor.
    b2. Elevation drawing of Quirinal Palace with lines highlighting the vertical grid. The focus is the main entrance with the double loggia by Bernini, extending to the round tower on the left of the three story palace. It is dated and signed by the artist and his instructor.
    c. Portfolio folder of discolored yellow paper with glued on extensions with 4 flaps to hold the drawings inside. The front center has a calligraphic place name in black ink, with 2 letters in red. 12.875h x 9.250w.
    c1. Architectural rendering in ink of the central door of the Council's Palace with ink wash shading dramatizing the elaborate doorway topped by the statuesque Corsini coat of arms. It is dated and signed by the artist and his instructor.
    c2. Architectural rendering in ink of the central door of Council's Palace seen from the courtyard. It has visible gridlines with ink wash shading dramatizing the carved panels above the doorway and two windows. It is signed by the artist and his instructor.
    c3. Architectural rendering in ink of the courtyard door, Council's Palace, south elevation with visible central grid line connecting the 5 details: doorway, panel, window, panel, rooftop balustrade. It is signed by the artist and his instructor.
    Dimensions
    overall: Height: 14.250 inches (36.195 cm) | Width: 11.250 inches (28.575 cm)
    Materials
    overall : paper, graphite, ink, pastels, ink wash, adhesive
    Inscription
    a. grey folder, front, calligraphy, black ink with red accents : RILEUO DI / PIAZZA QUIRINALE / ROMA / 1946
    b. light brown folder, front, calligraphy, black ink with red accents : LA PIAZZA QUIRINALE
    b1. front, lower right corner, ink : [illegible signature] 21 - 5 46 / 20.v.46
    b2. front, lower right corner, ink : [illegible signature] 26/3/46 / 16.III.46 / EDWARD HERZBAUM
    c. yellow folder, front, calligraphy, black ink with red accents : IL PALAZZO DELLA CONSULTA
    c1. front, lower left and right, ink : IL PORTONE CENTRALE - ELEVAZIONE / [illegible signature] / EH
    c2. front, lower right, ink : [illegible signature] / IL PORTONE CENTRALE / ELEVAZIONE / / EH
    c3. front, lower right, ink : IL CORTILE / PORTONE SUD - ELEVAZIONE / [illegible signature] / EH

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    No restrictions on access
    Conditions on Use
    No restrictions on use

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Provenance
    The portfolio was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012 by Krystyna Mew, the daughter of Edward (Herzbaum) Hartry.
    Funding Note
    The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.
    Record last modified:
    2023-08-25 12:47:46
    This page:
    https:​/​/collections.ushmm.org​/search​/catalog​/irn61382

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