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Edward Herzbaum Hartry papers

Document | Digitized | Accession Number: 2012.471.1

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    Edward Herzbaum Hartry papers
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    Overview

    Description
    The Edward Herzbaum Hartry papers consist of biographical, photographic, and printed materials as well as diaries and short stories documenting Hartry, his pre-World War II education in Łódź and Warsaw, his imprisonment in a Russian gulag following the German and Russian partition of Poland, his military service with the Polish Second Corps and Polish Resettlement Corps, his postwar education and certification as an architect in Rome and London, and his naturalization as a British citizen in 1952.

    Biographical materials consist of identification papers, membership cards, and student, military, and immigration records documenting Hartry, his prewar education in Łódź and Warsaw and postwar education in Rome and London, his World War II military service with the Polish Second Corps and Polish Resettlement Corps, and his naturalization as a British citizen in 1952.

    Photographs depict Hartry as a child with his parents and as a soldier with the Polish Second Corps and scenes from the Middle East and Egypt. Postcards from Italy, Switzerland, France, and Wales exchange postwar messages among Hartry and his friends.

    Printed materials include illustrations by Hartry for 1945 issues of Uwaga Nadchodzi!: Miesiecznik Artylerii Przeciwlotniczej, a Polish military magazine identifying allied and enemy aircraft, as well as issues of the magazine including Hartry’s illustrations, a newspaper supplement mapping the theaters of war, and a 1946 issue of Parada: Illustrated Fortnightly for the Polish Forces.

    Writings primarily consist of Hartry’s 1940- 1945 original, recopied, and revised journal entries documenting his experiences from the September 1939 invasion, his imprisonment in a slave labor camp in Vologda district, release and mobilization to newly formed Polish Army in September 1941, travel and training in Iran, Iraq, Palestine, and Egypt, and combat in Italy, including at Monte Cassino. These entries were later published in 2010 as Lost between Worlds: A World War II Journey of Survival. This series also includes Hartry’s notes taken during his military training and short stories he drafted.
    Date
    inclusive:  circa 1920-1955
    Credit Line
    United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Krystyna Mew
    Collection Creator
    Edward H. Hartry
    Biography
    Edward Henryk Herzbaum (later Hartry) was born on October 6, 1920, in Vienna, Austria. He was the only son of a Jewish couple, Dr. Alexander and Fanny Hermelin Herzbaum. Alexander was a chemical engineer, born in Tarnow, Poland, in February 1886 to Mendel (1855-1930) and Chana Ettinger Herzbaum, who married in 1882. They also had a daughter Gisela (1884-1912.) Chana died in 1886. In 1888, Mendel married Beila Lea Ettinger (b. August 22, 1864). Mendel and Beila had two children: Jakob (1888-1966) and Herman. Edward's mother Fanny was born in Boryslaw, Poland, near Lvov on May 30, 1890, to Samuel (d. 1922) and Chaje Sara Backenroth Hermelin. Fanny had four siblings, Rifke (b. 1883), Cirl (b. 1888), Zacharje (1884-1925), and Abraham (1885-1886.) In 1928, Edward's family moved to Poland and settled in Zawiercie. Edward had asthma and wore glasses, as he was very shortsighted. In 1934, they moved to Łódź. Alexander, 51, died in July 1937 of cancer. Edward graduated from high school in May 1938, and deferred his military service to enroll at the Warsaw Polytechnic, Faculty of Architecture. He had completed two semesters when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Edward joined the Polish Auxiliary Forces as a volunteer and was arrested by the Germans with other paramilitary youth a few days later. Edward escaped and returned to Łódź. The Soviet Union invaded and occupied eastern Poland. German occupying authorities in Łódź enacted oppressive anti-Jewish measures. At the urging of his mother, Edward, then 19, left Łódź on December 6, 1939, and went east to Lvov, which was under Soviet control.

    In Lvov, Edward lived with his maternal aunt and had an assortment of jobs, including office worker at a construction site, skiing instructor, and lifeguard at a swimming pool in a Soviet sports center. In June 1940, Edward was arrested by the NKVD (Soviet Security Police), tortured, and exiled to a gulag near Rybinsk on the Volga River. The prisoners logged and hauled trees in freezing temperatures. They worked on the construction of a reservoir and hydro-electric plant. The camp was primitive, and the inmates suffered from starvation, exhaustion, and brutal treatment from the guards. Edward spent months in the infirmary, but his poor health did not exempt him from abuse. Around this time, Edward began to keep a journal.

    In June 1941, Germany invaded the USSR. The Soviets issued an amnesty of the Polish forced laborers and other Soviet prisoners. Some were needed to work in factories and agriculture to replace the Russians mobilized into the Red Army. Other prisoners were released to join the fight against the Germans. An agreement was signed between the Polish Government in Exile and the Soviet government to form a Polish Army in the East, commanded by General Wladyslaw Anders. After his release, Edward traveled south to Tatischewo (now Turkmenbasy) in Turkemenistan in September, and joined Anders Army as a soldier in the 5th Kresowa Infantry Division. It was a difficult existence, as the Soviets were unwilling to supply enough food or equipment to sustain the Polish soldiers. On August 17, 1942, they left Soviet territory, crossing the Caspian Sea to Pahlevi, Iran (now Bandar-e-Anzali.) At this point, they were placed under the control of the British government and became the Polish Second Corps, a unit of the British Army affiliated with the Polish Armed Forces in the West. The troops travelled through Bakhtaran (now Kirmanshah) then to Khanaqin, Iraq, as they received training from British forces.

    Edward’s health improved as he got out of the Soviet Union, and food and supplies were plentiful. However, the increasingly horrifying news from Poland affected him deeply, and he experienced bouts of depression. Painting and drawing materials were available and Edward began to document events with sketches and watercolors. In March 1943, the Corps was in Habbaniya, Iraq, and in September, went to Nuseirat, Palestine. In February 1944, the unit moved to Quassasin, Egypt. The Polish soldiers were fully trained now and, on February 18, Edward and his division boarded the M.S. Dilwara in Port Said for Taranto, Italy, where they joined the Italian Campaign under the command of the Eighth British Army. They fought their way north through Italy, experiencing high casualties, especially in the May 1944 final Battle of Monte Cassino, the fourth assault on those German defenses since January 1944. Edward visited the cemetery at Aquafondate and saw the names of many men he knew well. Edward, although Jewish by birth, was an atheist and, for him, the comradeship and closeness between soldier’s transcended class and religion. They relied on each other completely, as they experienced the trauma of war together. In June, the Corps fought in the Adriatic Campaign, including the Battle of Ancona, capturing the city on July 18, 1944.

    The war ended in early May 1945 with Germany's surrender. Many Polish soldiers did not want to return to their now communist-run country and had to wait in Italy while the British Army determined what to do. Edward learned that his mother had died in Łódź Ghetto. He was given leave to resume education and studied architecture at the University of Rome from March - September 1946. In October, Edward and other Polish veterans sailed from Naples on the SS Marine Raven, arriving in Glasgow in early November. Edward was assigned to an army camp near High Wycombe. In September 1947, he was given leave to study architecture at Polish University College in London. He was discharged as a private from the Polish forces and listed as a member of the Polish Resettlement Corps from November 1947-June 1949.

    In 1949, Edward changed his name from Herzbaum to Hartry, following the example of a cousin, Ted, who had escaped to the US where he joined the US Army. Edward completed his architecture studies in June 1950. He was an architect's assistant at the London County Council. In 1952, he became a British national. In his naturalization form, he states that his mother died in 1940-1941, exact date not known. He never knew the details of her passing. Records discovered later said Fanny, 53, died of peritonitis in Łódź Ghetto on December 12, 1943. Edward established an architectural firm with two partners. In 1956, Edward, called Edek, married Teresa Jaskolska, a Polish Catholic woman. She had a daughter from a previous marriage and the couple had a daughter in 1957. Edward, 47, died on February 22, 1967, of cancer. After Teresa’s death in 2002, his daughter Krystyna Mew discovered his wartime artwork and journals, which were translated and published in 2010 as Lost between Worlds: A World War II Journey of Survival.

    Physical Details

    Language
    Polish English
    Genre/Form
    Diaries. Photographs.
    Extent
    1 box
    6 oversize folders
    2 book enclosures
    System of Arrangement
    The Edward Herzbaum Hartry papers are arranged as four series:
    Series 1: Biographical materials, 1939-1955
    Series 2: Photographs, approximately 1920-1950
    Series 3: Printed materials, approximately 1943-1946
    Series 4: Writings, 1940-1945

    Rights & Restrictions

    Conditions on Access
    There are no known restrictions on access to this material.
    Conditions on Use
    The donor has asserted copyright over the Writings in this collection. The Writings can only be accessed in a Museum reading room or other on-campus viewing station. The Museum does not own the copyright for the material and does not have authority to authorize use. For permission, please contact the rights holder(s). Other material(s) in this collection may be protected by copyright and/or related rights. You do not require further permission from the Museum to use this material. The user is solely responsible for making a determination as to if and how the material may be used.

    Keywords & Subjects

    Administrative Notes

    Provenance
    The papers were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2012 by Krystyna Mew, the daughter of Edward Henryk Herzbaum (later Edward Hartry).
    Funding Note
    The accessibility of this collection was made possible by the generous donors to our crowdfunded Save Their Stories campaign.
    Record last modified:
    2023-08-25 12:47:48
    This page:
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